Neck Pain. and Whiplash -Associated Disorders (WAD). Commonly known as “Whiplash” (WAD). Reg’d BUPA, AXA,PPP, HSA, AVIVA, all health insurers

Cervicalgia 

The neck muscles are constantly placed under tension, although this tension helps to keep the head in position i.e. upright. However the muscles in the neck are more prone to becoming stiff and painful as a result of this tension. As a result of violent movement or sudden impact (known sometimes as “whiplash” (WAD)). 

Cervicalgia is a localised pain that does not radiate through into other areas of the neck.

Symptoms include:

·         A sharp pain in the neck

·         Neck ache

·         Pain resulting from head movement

·         Pain radiating to the shoulders, arms and fingers

It also may radiate pain into other areas; this is usually caused by a trapped nerve or nerves. Nerves can become trapped by tight muscles, disc damage, or the formation of bony deposits. Radiating pain in the neck which affects the shoulders and arms may also affect the fingers.

Neck dysfunction can result in dizziness, nausea or headaches but it can be successfully treated by Cold Laser Therapy, one of the treatments offered by Central Chiropractic Clinic

Cervicogenic headaches  

Cervicogenic headaches   are defined as headaches originating from the neck. The location is typically at the back of the head, sides and top of the head as well as around the forehead and eyes affecting one or more of the above regions at once. These headaches can be located on one or both sides of the head. Cervicogenic headaches are usually associated with dysfunction of the upper neck which can present itself as neck pain or local tenderness, reduced neck range of motion and exacerbation of the headaches by neck movement. The past history of neck trauma is typical for this type of headaches.

The cervicogenic headaches are caused by irritation of nerve endings of injured joints, ligaments, muscles and discs of the neck. The nerve endings in the injured areas send pain signals up the upper nerves of the neck to the brain causing “cross wiring” with the fibres of the trigeminal nerve (one of the nerves in the head) which is responsible for perception of the head pain thus causing the headaches.

Cervical Disc Injuries

Most cervical disc injuries are caused by hyperextension, which results in compression of the cervical area 

Flexion injuries in the cervical area do not result in nerve compression.

Symptoms of Cervical Disc Injuries

The Pain may cause loss of sensation or tingling/pins and needles to the arms, and weakness are the main symptoms and signs of cervical disc injury. The pain is most noticeable symptom and it is usually the only one. Cervical disc injury can complicated by compression of either a cervical nerve root or by a compression of the spinal cord, but this reported injury is very infrequent.  When compression of the nervous tissue occurs, patients may report different sensations other than pain. Weakness to the legs/leg this is called spinal cord compression. if the arms/arm are  affected this is called nerve root compression

Pain can be felt in the neck or arm. 

Pain is always in the area of the neck and upper back between the shoulder blades. This is due to inflammation of the disc and the cervical vertebra joints. Sever inflammation can flare up after a minor added injury or for other unknown reasons. Neck and shoulder pain are due to the disc bulges that herniates, and stretches the posterior longitudinal ligament.  

b. Rarely, the pain will be felt down the arm.  This pain can be lightning, caused or aggravated by movements of the neck, or can be dull and persistent. Pre-existing neck pain is also present in many individuals. After the arm pain starts, some people report feeling less pain in their neck. When arm pain is present, it is usually because of a combination of disc herniation and bony spurs compressing a nerve root. A free disc fragment can also intrude on a cervical root and cause quite a bit of pain in shoulder or down the arm.

 2. Sensory symptoms other then pain.

When felt in only one arm, they are due to compression of a cervical root and felt in the territory of the cervical root. The C4 root mainly supplies the shoulder with nerves, while the C5 root supplies primarily the arm. The C6 root supplies nerves to the radial side of the forearm, the C7 root addresses the arm and forearm, and the C8 and the T1 root handle mostly the hand. Broadly speaking, two types of sensory symptoms are felt: loss of sensation and new sensations. A loss of sensation is simply numbness. New sensations include tingling (pins and needles), heat, or cold sensations.

If the spinal cord is compressed, most patients report losing sensation in their hand and in the lower part of their body. (Numbness) They have difficulty feeling the floor when they walk and cannot feel that their bladder is full or inconstancy this is an emergency and patients should be brought to the hospital right away.

3. Motor symptoms and signs.

Weakness of one arm (the other one being normal) only signals a compression of a nerve root. A compression of C4 results in a weak shoulder; C5 indicates a weak bicep muscle; C6 represents a weak wrist, thumb, and index finger; C7 is a weak tricep extension of the fingers, and pectoralis muscles; C8 designates weak flexion of the fingers; and T1 corresponds to a weak hand.

 Emergency treatment.

If the spinal cord is compressed, patients report having difficulty walking and weak legs and hands, numbness these can be the only symptoms and should be treated as an emergency.

Although neck pain can be caused by injury, such as ‘whiplash’(WAD) injuries, it is often caused by the cumulative effect of improper sitting posture, reading in bed, poor work habits, stomach sleeping, lack of proper exercise and other lifestyle-related factors. All of these factors cause misalignments in the spine and eventually pain. In fact, the most important factor producing neck pain appears to be spinal misalignments. Even for people who complain that “stress” is causing their pain, the great majority of those have significant spinal misalignments that are contributing to their condition.

Uncorrected chronic spinal misalignments can eventually cause neck pain. As a spinal misalignment worsens, pressure can be put on delicate nerves, sending the surrounding neck muscles go into painful and movement-limiting spasm, headache, even numbness, tingling or weakness in the arms or hands

Neck pain as well as “whiplash” (WAD) injuries and both conditions can result in headaches and all three are commonly treated by Chiropractors.
The treatment is focused on the small joints in the back of the neck called facet joints that are responsible for neck pain. When these joints dysfunction but injury to the muscles he nerve fibres that innervate / act as sensors for these facet joints also serve to act as sensors to parts of the head. When these facet joints dysfunction these sensors become active, the brain cannot clearly differentiate between the facet joints and the mapping of the head and create the sensation of pain in a broader area- Headache.

Whiplash associated Disorder (WAD) common term “Whiplash’ (WAD)

 FROM:   Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–25 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Bristol UK

Khan S, Cook J, Gargan M, Bannister G 

Objective:   To determine which patients with chronic Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) will benefit from chiropractic treatment.

Design:   Retrospective review by structured telephone interviews of 93 consecutive patients seen in chiropractic clinic.

Setting:   Independent chiropractic clinic in a large city.

Subjects:   93 patients, 68 female.

Main outcome measure:   Gargan and Bannister grading pre and post treatment.

Results:   Three groups of patients were recognised. Group 1 consisted of patients with isolated neck pain associated with a restricted range of neck movement. Group 2 consisted of patients with neurological symptoms or signs associated with a restricted range of movement. Group 3 comprised patients who described severe neck pain but all of whom had a full range of neck movement. Patients in this group often described an unusual group of symptoms, with a bizarre, non-dermatomal pain distribution. There was a significant difference in outcome between the three groups (p<0.001) with only groups 1 and 2 improving following chiropractic manipulation.

Conclusion: “Whiplash” (WAD) and Neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–2 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Call  02476 222002. Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simpleyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health. All health insurance accepted.

What is neck pain?

Neck pain is a very common medical condition, and one seen many times by Chiropractors. Neck pain can come from many different disorders and diseases which affect the tissues in the neck, such as degenerative disc disease, neck strain, “whiplash”(WAD), herniated disc, or a pinched or trapped nerve or nerves. Neck pain is also referred to as cervical pain.

Symptoms

Neck pain is associated with a dull ache or aching around the afflicted area and will become worse as the neck is moved.  Other symptoms associated with neck pain include numbness, tingling, tenderness, sharp and shooting pains, headaches, difficulty swallowing, pulsations, dizziness or lightheadedness. It is also possible for the neck glands to swell.

Treatments for Neck Pain

Neck pain treatment options include rest, ice applications, physical therapy chiropractic manipulation, local injections of cortisone or anesthetics, muscle relaxants, analgesics, and surgical procedures. Cold Laser Therapy is also a possible form of treatment.

Neck and back pain are usually common conditions or injuries to the neck and back. The pain may come on gradually, or it may be acute and come on suddenly. Bad posture is a common cause in the onset of this pain but it is not the only cause. Chiropractors understand the various causes of neck pain, and can offer advice.

Cervicalgia

The neck muscles are constantly placed under tension, although this tension helps to keep the head in position i.e. upright. However, the muscles in the neck are more prone to becoming stiff and painful as a result of this tension. As a result of violent movement or sudden impact (sometimes known as “whiplash” (WAD)).
Cervicalgia is a localised pain that does not radiate through into other areas of the neck. Symptoms include:

·         A sharp pain in the neck

·         Neck ache

·         Pain resulting from head movement

·         Pain radiating to the shoulders, arms and fingers

It also may radiate pain into other areas; this is usually caused by a trapped nerve or nerves. Nerves can become trapped by tight muscles, disc damage, or the formation of bony deposits. Radiating pain in the neck which affects the shoulders and arms may also affect the fingers.

Neck dysfunction can result in dizziness, nausea or headaches but it can be successfully treated by Cold Laser Therapy is one of the treatments offered by Central Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Clinic.

Cervical Disc Injuries

Most cervical disc injuries are caused by hyperextension, which results in compression of the cervical area 

Flexion injuries in the cervical area do not result in nerve compression.

Symptoms of Cervical Disc Injuries

The Pain may cause loss of sensation or tingling/pins and needles to the arms, and weakness are the main symptoms and signs of cervical disc injury. The pain is most noticeable symptom and it is usually the only one. Cervical disc injury can complicated by compression of either a cervical nerve root or by a compression of the spinal cord, but this reported injury is very infrequent.  When compression of the nervous tissue occurs, patients may report different sensations other than pain. weakness to the legs/leg this is called spinal cord compression. if the arms/arm are  affected this is called nerve root compression

Pain can be felt in the neck, Shoulder or arm. 

Pain is always in the area of the neck and upper back between the shoulder blades. This is due to inflammation of the disc and the cervical vertebra joints. Sever inflammation can flare up after a minor added injury or for other unknown reasons. Neck and shoulder pain are due to the disc bulges that herniates, and stretches the posterior longitudinal ligament.  

b. Rarely, the pain will be felt down the arm.  This pain can be lightning, caused or aggravated by movements of the neck, or can be dull and persistent. Pre-existing neck pain is also present in many individuals. After the arm pain starts, some people report feeling less pain in their neck. When arm pain is present, it is usually because of a combination of disc herniation and bony spurs compressing a nerve root. A free disc fragment can also intrude on a cervical root and cause quite a bit of pain in shoulder or down the arm.

 2. Sensory symptoms other then pain.

When felt in only one arm, they are due to compression of a cervical root and felt in the territory of the cervical root. The C4 root mainly supplies the shoulder with nerves, while the C5 root supplies primarily the arm. The C6 root supplies nerves to the radial side of the forearm, the C7 root addresses the arm and forearm, and the C8 and the T1 root handle mostly the hand. Broadly speaking, two types of sensory symptoms are felt: loss of sensation and new sensations. A loss of sensation is simply numbness. New sensations include tingling (pins and needles) heat or cold sensations.

If the spinal cord is compressed, most patients report losing sensation in their hand and in the lower part of their body. (Numbness) They have difficulty feeling the floor when they walk and cannot feel that their bladder is full or incontance, this is an emergency and patients should be brought to the hospital right away.

3. Motor symptoms and signs.

Weakness of one arm (the other one being normal) only signals a compression of a nerve root. A compression of C4 results in a weak shoulder; C5 indicates a weak bicep muscle; C6 represents a weak wrist, thumb, and index finger; C7 is a weak tricep, extension of the fingers, and pectoralis muscles; C8 designates weak flexion of the fingers; and T1 corresponds to a weak hand.

Emergency Treatment.

If the spinal cord is compressed, patients report having difficulty walking and weak legs and hands, numbness these can be the only symptoms and should be treated as an emergency.

Although neck pain can be caused by injury, such as ‘whiplash’ injuries, it is often caused by the cumulative effect of improper sitting posture, reading in bed, poor work habits, stomach sleeping, lack of proper exercise and other lifestyle-related factors. All of these factors cause misalignments in the spine and eventually pain. In fact, the most important factor producing neck pain appears to be spinal misalignments. Even for people who complain that “stress” is causing their pain, the great majority of those have significant spinal misalignments that are contributing to their condition.

Uncorrected chronic spinal misalignments can eventually cause neck pain. As a spinal misalignment worsens, pressure can be put on delicate nerves, sending the surrounding neck muscles go into painful and movement-limiting spasm, headache, even numbness, tingling or weakness in the arms or hands

Cervicogenic headaches  

Cervicogenic headaches  are defined as headaches originating from the neck. The location is typically at the back of the head, sides and top of the head as well as around the forehead and eyes affecting one or more of the above regions at once. These headaches can be located on one or both sides of the head. Cervicogenic headaches are usually associated with dysfunction of the upper neck which can present itself as neck pain or local tenderness, reduced neck range of motion and exacerbation of the headaches by neck movement. The past history of neck trauma is typical for this type of headaches. 

The cervicogenic headaches are caused by irritation of nerve endings of injured joints, ligaments, muscles and discs of the neck. The nerve endings in the injured areas send pain signals up the upper nerves of the neck to the brain causing “cross wiring” with the fibers of the trigeminal nerve (one of the nerves in the head) which is responsible for perception of the head pain thus causing the headaches.

Neck pain as well as “whiplash” (WAD) injuries and both conditions can result in headaches and all three are commonly treated by Chiropractors.
The treatment is focused on the small joints in the back of the neck called facet joints  that are responsible for neck pain. When these joints dysfunction but injury to the muscles he nerve fibres that innervate / act as sensors for these facet joints also serve to act as sensors to parts of the head. When these facet joints dysfunction these sensors become active, the brain cannot clearly differentiate between the facet joints and the mapping of the head and create the sensation of pain in a broader area- Headache.

Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD). common term “Whiplash”(WAD).

FROM:   Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–25 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bristol, UK

Khan S, Cook J, Gargan M, Bannister G 

Objective:   To determine which patients with chronic “whiplash” (WAD) will benefit from chiropractic treatment.

Design:   Retrospective review by structured telephone interviews of 93 consecutive patients seen in chiropractic clinic.

Setting:   Independent chiropractic clinic in a large city.

Subjects:   93 patients, 68 female.

Main outcome measure:   Gargan and Bannister grading pre and post treatment.

Results:   Three groups of patients were recognised. Group 1 consisted of patients with isolated neck pain associated with a restricted range of neck movement. Group 2 consisted of patients with neurological symptoms or signs associated with a restricted range of movement. Group 3 comprised patients who described severe neck pain but all of whom had a full range of neck movement. Patients in this group often described an unusual group of symptoms, with a bizarre, non-dermatomal pain distribution. There was a significant difference in outcome between the three groups (p<0.001) with only groups 1 and 2 improving following chiropractic manipulation.

Conclusion:   “Whiplash”(WAD) and neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Neck Anatomy

The head  weight of 12 lbs or more not only does the neck fully support all that weight, it enables the  head to turn or move up or down No other part of the spine has the ability to move so much: in forward motion, and in backward motion, this also includes the  side-to-side motion, and from  shoulder to shoulder. 

The neck is called the cervical spine, and it begins at the base of your skull. It contains 7 small bones (vertebrae), which doctors label C1 to C7 (the ‘C’ means cervical). The numbers 1 to 7 indicate the level of the vertebrae. C1 is nearest to the skull, while C7 is nearest to the chest.

In between each vertebra are tough fibrous shock-absorbing discs called the intervertebral discs. Each disc is made up of a gel-like outer band (annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like inner substance (nucleus pulposus).

Besides the bones and the discs, the neck consists of joints, muscles, and ligaments these stabilize and give the neck its full range of movement.

The neck is the upper part of the spinal cord, and consists of nerve roots, and an elaborate system of arteries and veins. The nerves in the neck help the brain communicate with the shoulders, arms, and chest. The arteries and veins circulate blood to both the brain and the heart.

For Further in depth Information on Neck pain or Headaches, please go to top left corner under “Pain” or “Conditions.” For Cold Laser Therapy, please go to top left corner under “Treatments”

Call  02476 222002. Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simpleyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health.Medicash Medisure. All health insurances accepted 

Stiff Neck. Inflammatory Diseases, Severe Injuries, Cervical Disc Degeneration, When Should You Seek Medical Care? What is Whiplash associated Disorder (WAD) commonly known as “Whiplash” Diagnosis,

Non specific term for limited neck mobility, often due to muscle cramps and accompanied by pain.

The neck (cervical spine) is composed of vertebrae that begin at the base of the skull and end in the upper torso. The vertebrae along with the ligaments provide stability to the spine. The muscles allow for support and movement of the neck. The neck supports the weight of the head which is 12lbs amounting to a significant load for the neck to cope with during motion thus increasing stress onto the neck (cervical spine). Compare to the rest of the spine, the neck is less protected and is more susceptible to injury and various disorders that can result in pain and restricted motion. Sometimes neck pain is a temporary condition going away on its own accord. Other cases require medical diagnosis and treatment to relieve the symptoms.

Cause

Neck pain may result from injury to the soft tissues including muscles, ligaments, nerves, bones and joints of the spine. Soft tissue injuries or prolonged wear and tear are amongst the most common causes of neck pain. Infection or tumours may cause neck pain in rare instances. Sometimes neck problems may be the source of pain in the upper back, shoulders, or arms.

Inflammatory Diseases

The vertebral  column. Rheumatoid arthritis involves joints in the neck and may cause severe stiffness and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis usually occurs in the upper neck area.

Cervical Disc Degeneration

Cervical disc degeneration usually occurs in people aged 40 and older. Disc’s act as shock absorbers between the bones. During cervical disc degeneration the normal gelatine like centre of the disc dries out and the gap between the vertebrae narrows. As the disc space narrows, added stress is imposed onto the joints of the spine exacerbating further wear and degenerative changes. When occurs when cervical disc protrudes due to the weakening of its rim, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Injury

Due to its flexibility and the weight of the head it supports the neck is extremely vulnerable to injury. Road traffic or diving accidents, contact sports, and falls are the main causes of neck injury. A “rear end” shunt during car accident may result in hyperextension, a backward motion of the neck beyond normal limits, or hyper flexion, a forward motion of the neck beyond normal limits. The use of seat belts and head restrains in cars can help to prevent or minimize neck injury. The soft tissues such as muscles and ligaments are most commonly involved. Severe injuries including fracture or dislocation of the neck may lead to the damage the spinal cord and cause paralysis.

What is whiplash associated disorder (WAD) or ”whiplash’?

Whiplash injury occurs when the body reacts to sudden deceleration or acceleration force causing hyper flexion or hyperextension of the neck.

‘Whiplash” (WAD) injuries are associated with car accidents. The “whiplash”(WAD) injury is sustained when the muscles of the neck and shoulders do not have enough time to brace and hold the head during sudden acceleration or deceleration force application, leading to injuries of the muscles, ligaments, capsule of the facet joints and discs of cervical spine.

Uncomplicated cases

“Whiplash”(WAD) cases that are uncomplicated are the result of sprained ligaments in the neck. The muscles spasm naturally to form a protective mechanism for the neck. The “whiplash”(WAD) injury may cause a stiff neck and pain may be present down one or both arms if the nerve roots of cervical part of spinal cord get compressed. Relief for “whiplash”(WAD) can be found with chiropractic treatment, physical therapy or pain medication.

Studies have shown that 35 of 39 patients, or 91%, of patients with chronic whiplash associated disorder (WAD) benefited from chiropractic treatment

Severe cases

In severe cases of “whiplash”(WAD) may last for a month or more with persistent and in some cases constant pain. This may indicate that the “whiplash”(WAD) injury has extensive damage and resulting in disc’s rupturing and trapped nerves in the neck. This may also predispose to a “slipped”, ruptured or herniated disc in the back. (See our Cold Laser Therapy Section under Inflammatory conditions.)

Other Causes of neck pain

Tumors, infections, or congenital abnormalities of the vertebrae are less common causes of neck pain.

When Should You Seek Medical Care?

Cases of severe neck pain occur following an injury such as motor vehicle accident, blow to the head or fall related accident. Only a trained professional, such as a paramedic, should immobilize the patient to avoid the risk of further injury and possible paralysis. Medical care should be sought immediately.

Immediate medical care should also be sought when an injury causes pain in the neck that radiates down the arms and legs. Radiating pain or numbness in your arms or legs causing weakness in the arms or legs without significant neck pain should also be evaluated. If there has not been an injury, you should seek medical care when neck pain is:

·         Continuous and persistent

·         Severe

·         Accompanied by pain that radiates down the arms or legs

·         Accompanied by headaches, numbness, tingling, or weakness

Diagnosis

Determining the source of the pain is essential to recommend the appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is required to determine the cause of neck pain.

Your Chiropractor will take a complete history of the symptoms you are having with your neck. The Chiropractor may ask you about other illnesses, any injury that occurred to your neck, and any complaints you have associated with neck pain. Previous treatment for your neck condition will also be noted.

Chiropractor will also perform a physical examination. This examination may include evaluation of neck motion, tenderness of the neck and the function of the nerves and muscles in your arms and legs.

Digital X-rays often will be obtained to allow your Chiropractor to look at the bones in your neck. This entails simple diagnostic imaging study (radiography) and aids your Chiropractor to determine the cause of neck pain and to prescribe effective treatment.

Further evaluation may involve the following:

·  MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This non x-ray study allows an evaluation of the spinal cord and nerve roots.

·  CT (computed tomography). This specialized x-ray study allows careful evaluation of the bone and spinal canal.

·  EMG (electromyography). This test evaluates nerve and muscle function.

Treatment

The treatment of neck pain depends on the diagnosis. Most patients are treated successfully with Chiropractic Treatment. Also rest, medication, immobilization, exercise, activity modifications, or a combination of these methods can be very useful.

Inflammation is a result of stretching muscles and ligaments beyond their limits, (See also Cold Laser Therapy under conditions treated; this therapy is extremely affective in the treatment of inflammation). Surgery is required in very few cases to relieve neck pain. For most patients, a combination of Chiropractic treatment, rest, medication, and physical therapy will relieve neck pain. Surgery may be necessary to reduce pressure on the spinal cord or a nerve root when pain is caused by a herniated disc or bony narrowing of the spinal canal. Surgery may also be required following an injury to stabilize the neck and minimize the possibility of paralysis, such as when a fracture results in instability of the neck.

Non specific term for limited neck mobility, often due to muscle cramps and accompanied by pain.

For further in depth information on neck pain, go to top left corner under pain and conditions.

Call 024 7622 2002. Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simplyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health.Medicash Medisure. All health insurance accepted.

Back Neck and Shoulder Pain.

Neck Pain “Whiplash”(WAD). Shoulder Pain and Upper Back Pain. Cold/Low Level Laser Therapy for Pain Relief and Recovery 

Neck Shoulder and Upper Back Pain.

People do not realize how much they move their neck, until they are unable to do so. The neck has the least amount of muscular stabilization to support and move your 12lb head, which makes it very susceptible to injury. It doesn’t take much force to disrupt that fine balance.

The spinal cord passes through a space in the vertebrae sending nerve impulses to every part of the body. Between each pair of cervical vertebrae, the spinal cord sends bundles of nerves that pass down the arms and to the upper back, and if your arm is hurting, it may be a problem in the neck! Symptoms in the arms can include numbness, tingling, cold, aching, and “pins and needles”.

The neck can also contribute to headaches, muscle spasms in the shoulders and upper back, ringing ears, otitis media (inflammation in the middle ear, temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ or jaw joint). Dysfunction of the neck also causes restricted range of motion and chronic tightness in the upper back.

Causes of Neck and Upper Back Pain

Neck and upper back pain is caused by a combination of factors, including injury, poor posture, stress, and disc problems.

Injuries

The most common injury to the neck is a “whiplash” injury. “Whiplash”(WAD) is caused by a sudden movement of the head.

(See our “Whiplash” (WAD) neck pain section, listed in the top left corner under “Pain” or “Conditions”)

Much more common causes of neck pain and headaches are poor posture. It’s easy to get into bad posture habits, can eventually lead to pain and headaches. The rule is simple: keep your neck in a “neutral” position whenever possible. Don’t bend or hunch your neck forward for extended periods. Also, do not to sit in one position for extended period of time. If you must sit for an extended period, make sure your posture is good: Keep your head in a neutral position, make sure your back is always supported, and keep your knees slightly lower than your hips.

Stress

When people become stressed, they unconsciously contract their muscles, Particular the muscles in their back. This ‘Muscle guarding’ or Defence posture is a response designed to guard against injury. Muscle guarding occurs whenever we become emotionally stressed. The areas most affected are the muscles of the neck, upper back and low back.

Disc Herniations

Discs in your neck may herniated or bulge and put pressure on the nerves that lead from the spine into your shoulders, arms and hands. Although cervical discs do not bulge nearly as often as lumbar discs do, they occasionally can still get damaged, especially when damage sustained from a “whiplash”(WAD) injury.

(See our Cold Laser Therapy Section listed under inflammatory conditions.)

Lower Back Pain.

Cold Laser Therapy for Pain relief also aiding in recovery.

Sprained ligaments, strained muscles, ruptured discs, trigger points and inflamed joints are the many of different conditions that can result in low back pain. While sports injuries or accidents can lead to an injury and pain, sometimes even the simplest movements, like picking up a pencil from the floor, can have painful results. In addition, conditions such as poor posture, stress, arthritis, kidney stones and kidney infections, can be the cause of low back pain.

There may be many other things that can cause low back pain, and some of those things can be serious if left untreated. Chiropractors and Physiotherapists are able in diagnosing the cause and determining a proper course of treatment for low back pain. Following are some of the most common causes.

Subluxations

When a disruption in the normal movement or position of the vertebrae occurs it results in pain and inflammation. In the lumbar spine these occur at the transition between the lower spine and the sacrum. Subluxations can lead to debilitating low back pain, however subluxations are easily treatable and there is often a significant reduction in pain experienced almost immediately after treatment.

Disc Herniations

A herniated disc does not automatically mean that you may suffer from low back pain. In one study almost 60% of all adults had at least one bulging or herniated disc, even though they did not experienced any back pain. However, herniated discs can be a source of severe and debilitating pain, which may radiate to other areas of the body. Unfortunately, when a disc herniates, they rarely, completely heal. Further deterioration can be avoided through Chiropractic Treatment or Physiotherapy, but a complete recovery is less common.

Sprains, Strains and Spasms

Sprains strains and spasms, are the most common source of low back pain. Overworking the muscles or ligaments of the low back may lead to tears in the tissues, which become painful, swollen and may even ache, with a tightening to the area affected.

Stress

When you become stressed, your body responds by increasing the levels of stress hormones leading to the rise of blood pressure and heart rate and tightening up of your muscles. By becoming stressed all the time your muscles will become weak and painful loaded with trigger points.

Cold laser Therapy/Treatment

Low Level Cold Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a Handheld, non invasive, light-emitting medical device which is used over different areas of the body. It provides an unmatched advantage in the treatment of conditions such as Athletic and sports injuries;

Upper and Lower Back Pain and injuries.

Lower Back Pain.

Slipped disc.

Prolapsed disc.

Herniated disc.

Bulging disc.

Sciatica. 

Trapped Nerves.

Stiff Back.

Knee and Foot Pain
Shoulder Injury
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Arthritic pain relief and Muscle Spasm
Relief of Muscle and Joint Pain
Skin infections, including cold sores
Relief of Stiffness, the Promotion of Muscle Relaxation, and Cell Restoration

Wound Management  including Skin Ulcers, Pressure Sores and Burns

Soft Tissue Injuries including Sprains and Strains, Tendonitis and Haematomas.

Joint Disorders and Conditions 

 
Chronic pain including Trigeminal Neuralgia and Chronic Neck and Back pain

Cold Laser Therapy is used at our clinic for pain relief and treatment of ligaments and tendon injuries, muscle sprains by reducing pain and accelerating the healing process. 

For further in depth information on Neck, Shoulder or Back Pain, please go to top left corner listed under “Pain” or “Conditions”, for Cold Laser Therapy can be found listed under “Treatments”.

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Neck Pain Relief. Call 02476 222002.

Do you suffer from chronic neck and back pain? Are you in a constant search for treatment that will eliminate tension and pain? If so, you are not alone. A growing number of people throughout the world are suffering from irritating backaches and severe neck pain.

Most people turn to their doctors to find relief and to obtain varying remedies for pain, but did you know there are dangers related to common treatments that your doctor likely isn’t telling you? That’s right. Your quest to get rid of a painful back and neck condition may be causing you more harm than good.

One common remedy for chronic back and neck pain is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. It is extremely common for neck and back pain treatment seekers to pop a few ibuprofen or aspirin in the hopes of finding pain relief. In some extreme cases, back and neck pain sufferers will embrace a treatment plan of NSAIDs while awaiting a risky surgery!

Believe it or not, the pitfalls of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as surgery, are staggering. According to a recent article in Science Daily:

“The mortality rate from NSAID complications is higher than that of serious diseases like cervical cancer and AIDS.”

NSAIDs have been known as contributory to high blood pressure, stomach and intestinal bleeding, ulcers, kidney and liver problems.

In fact, a study published in the American Gastroenterological Association Journal stated that 71 percent of people who took some form of NSAID medication for 3 months, a mere ninety days, or more experienced problems with their small intestines.

These complications merely scratch the surface and are second only to the untold complications a vast majority of suffering patients experience after undergoing surgery.

If you suffer from sciatica, herniated discs, as well as a host of other back and neck problems, you may be considering surgery. Well, before you go under the knife, you should know that there may be some serious surgical side effects that your doctor isn’t telling you about.

In the United States today, over 250,000 surgeries are performed each year, and this number only accounts for lower back surgery. Many health experts agree that most operations are either premature or unnecessary and most operations are unsuccessful. Many people are unaware of the dangers surgery can impose.

Consider this, Dr. Arthur White a respected surgeon states:

“I make my living on cleaning up the messes of other surgeons who have operated prematurely with inadequate diagnosis and inadequate training.”

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is one of many issues directly attributed to surgery. FBSS is a condition that culminates from failed spinal surgery. Unfortunately, this problem is extremely common and something the average patient hears little about until it’s too late. FBSS sufferers generally experience pain and mobility that is actually worse than it was prior to surgery.

Whether you suffer from upper, lower, or middle back pain, neck pain, sciatic nerve problems, herniated discs, neck tension, chronic pain, or just general backache, there is hope for you that does not involve expensive and painful surgery, and does not involve the use of dangerous NSAID medications.

So, if you care about your overall health, and you’re seeking a safer and more effective treatment for your back and neck pain, you will be pleased to know that there are many natural healing options available to you, such as healing through nutrition, targeted neck pain back pain exercises, specific alternative treatments and lots more.

Remember, knowledge is power. When it comes to your neck and back pain treatment, ask lots of questions and don’t settle for unclear advice or undergo treatment on which you’ve been ill informed. You only get one body; embrace your power and protect yourself! For further information go to top left corner under pain and conditions

Call 024 7622 2002.Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simplyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health. All health insurance accepted.

Neck and Shoulder Pain including Back Pain?   Cervicalgia. Cervicogenic Headaches.  Symptoms of Cervical Disc Injuries.

When to seek medical emergency treatment?

Neck and shoulder pain, including back pain, are very common medical conditions, and ones seen many times by Chiropractors and Physiotherapists. Neck pain can be caused by many different disorders and diseases which affect the tissues in the neck, such as degenerative disc disease, neck strain, “whiplash”(WAD), herniated disc, or pinched or trapped nerve/nerves. Neck pain is also referred to as cervical pain.

Symptoms

Neck pain is associated with a dull ache or aching around the afflicted area and will become worse with neck movement.  Other symptoms associated with neck pain include numbness, tingling, tenderness, sharp and shooting pains, headaches, difficulty swallowing, pulsations, dizziness or light headedness. It is also possible for the neck glands to swell.

Treatments for Neck Shoulder and Back Pain

Neck pain treatment options include rest, ice applications, physical therapy chiropractic manipulation, local injections of cortisone or anaesthetics, muscle relaxants, analgesics and surgical procedures. Cold Laser Therapy is also a possible form of treatment.

Neck, shoulder and back pain are usually common after injuries to the neck Shoulder or back. The pain may come on gradually or it may be acute and come on suddenly. Bad posture is a common cause in the onset of this pain but it is not the only cause. Chiropractors and Physiotherapists understand the various causes of neck shoulder and back pain and can offer advice.

Cervicalgia

The neck muscles are constantly placed under tension, although this tension helps to keep the head in position i.e. upright. However, the muscles in the neck are more prone to becoming stiff and painful as a result of this tension and can be a result of violent movement or sudden impact (sometimes known as “whiplash” (WAD).
Cervicalgia is a localised pain that does not radiate through into other areas of the neck. Symptoms include:

·         sharp pain in the neck

·         neck ache

·         pain resulting from head movement

·         pain radiating to the shoulders, arms and fingers.

Pain also may radiate pain into other areas; this is usually caused by a trapped nerve or nerves. Nerves can become compressed by tight muscles, disc damage or the formation of bony deposits. Radiating pain in the neck which affects the shoulders and arms may also affect the fingers.

Neck dysfunction can result in dizziness, nausea or headaches but it can be successfully treated by Cold Laser Therapy, one of the treatments offered by Central Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Clinic.

Cervical Disc Injuries

Most cervical disc injuries are caused by hyperextension, which results in compression of the neck area. 

Symptoms of Cervical Disc Injuries

The pain, loss of sensation or tingling/pins and needles to the arms and weakness are the main symptoms and signs of cervical disc injury. The pain is most noticeable symptom and it is usually the only one. Cervical disc injury can complicated by compression of either a cervical nerve root or by a compression of the spinal cord, but this reported injury is very infrequent.  When compression of the nervous tissue occurs, patients may report different sensations other than pain. Weakness to the legs/leg this is called spinal cord compression. If the arms/arm are affected this is called nerve root compression

Pain can be felt in the neck shoulder or arm. 

Pain is always in the area of the neck and upper back and between the shoulder blades. This is due to inflammation of the disc and the cervical vertebra joints. Sever inflammation can flare up after a minor added injury or for other unknown reasons. Neck shoulder and back pain are due to the disc bulges that herniate and stretch the posterior longitudinal ligament.  

Rarely, the pain will be felt down the arm.  This pain can be lightning, caused or aggravated by movements of the neck, or can be dull and persistent. Pre-existing neck pain is also present in many individuals. After the arm pain starts, some people report feeling less pain in their neck. When arm pain is present, it is usually because of a combination of disc herniation and bony spurs compressing a nerve root. A free disc fragment can also intrude on a cervical root and cause quite a bit of pain in shoulder or down the arm.

 Sensory symptoms other then pain.

When pain is felt in only one arm, it is usually due to compression of a cervical root and felt in the territory of the cervical root. The C4 root mainly supplies the shoulder with nerves, while the C5 root supplies primarily the arm. The C6 root supplies nerves to the radial side of the forearm, the C7 root addresses the arm and forearm, and the C8 and the T1 root handle mostly the hand. Broadly speaking, two types of sensory symptoms are felt: loss of sensation and new sensations. A loss of sensation is simply numbness. New sensations include tingling (pins and needles), heat, or cold sensations.

If the spinal cord is compressed, most patients will report losing sensation in their hand and in the lower part of their body.

Sometimes patients have difficulty feeling the floor when they walk and cannot feel that their bladder is full, this is an emergency and patients should be brought to the hospital right away.

Motor symptoms and signs.

Weakness of one arm (the other one being normal) only signals a compression of a nerve root. A compression of C4 results in a weak shoulder; C5 indicates a weak bicep muscle; C6 represents a weak wrist, thumb, and index finger; C7 is a weak triceps, extension of the fingers, and pectoralis muscles; C8 designates weak flexion of the fingers; and T1 corresponds to a weak hand.

When to seek emergency  treatment.

If the spinal cord is compressed, patients report having difficulty walking and weak legs and hands these can be the only symptoms and should be treated as an emergency.

Although neck pain can be caused by injury, such as ‘whiplash’ injuries, it is often caused by the cumulative effect of improper sitting posture, reading in bed, poor work habits, stomach sleeping, lack of proper exercise and other lifestyle-related factors. All of these factors cause misalignments in the spine and eventually pain. In fact, the most important factor producing neck pain appears to be spinal misalignments. Even for people who complain that “stress” is causing their pain, the great majority of those have significant spinal misalignments that are contributing to their condition.

Uncorrected chronic spinal misalignments can eventually cause neck shoulder and back pain. As a spinal misalignment worsens, pressure can be put on delicate nerves, sending the surrounding neck muscles go into painful and movement-limiting spasm, headache, even numbness, tingling or weakness in the arms or hands

Cervicogenic headaches  

Cervicogenic headaches are defined as headaches originating from the neck. The location is typically at the back of the head, sides and top of the head as well as around the forehead and eyes affecting one or more of the above regions at once. These headaches can be located on one or both sides of the head. Cervicogenic headaches are usually associated with dysfunction of the upper neck which can present itself as neck pain or local tenderness, reduced neck range of motion and exacerbation of the headaches by neck movement. The past history of neck trauma is typical for this type of headaches.

The cervicogenic headaches are caused by irritation of nerve endings of injured joints, ligaments, muscles and discs of the neck. The nerve endings in the injured areas send pain signals up the upper nerves of the neck to the brain causing “cross wiring” with the fibres of the trigeminal nerve (one of the nerves in the head) which is responsible for perception of the head pain thus causing the headaches.

Neck pain as well as “whiplash” injuries (WAD) and both conditions can result in headaches and all three are commonly treated by Chiropractors and Physiotherapists
the treatment is focused on the small joints in the back of the neck called facet joints that are responsible for neck pain. When these joints dysfunction but injury to the muscles he nerve fibres that innervate / act as sensors for these facet joints also serve to act as sensors to parts of the head. With facet joints dysfunction these sensors become active, the brain cannot clearly differentiate between the facet joints and the mapping of the head and create the sensation of pain in a broader area- Headache.

Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) commonly known as “whiplash” (WAD).

Form the Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–25 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Bristol. UK

Conclusion: ”Whiplash” (WAD) and neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Khan S, Cook J, Gargan M, Bannister G 

Objective:   To determine which patients with chronic “whiplash”(WAD) will benefit from chiropractic treatment.

Design:   Retrospective review by structured telephone interviews of 93 consecutive patients seen in chiropractic clinic.

Setting:   Independent chiropractic clinic in a large city.

Subjects:   93 patients, 68 female.

Main outcome measure:   Gargan and Bannister grading pre and post treatment.

Results:   Three groups of patients were recognised. Group 1 consisted of patients with isolated neck pain associated with a restricted range of neck movement. Group 2 consisted of patients with neurological symptoms or signs associated with a restricted range of movement. Group 3 comprised patients who described severe neck pain but all of whom had a full range of neck movement. Patients in this group often described an unusual group of symptoms, with a bizarre, non-dermatomal pain distribution. There was a significant difference in outcome between the three groups (p<0.001) with only groups 1 and 2 improving following chiropractic manipulation.

Conclusion:   “Whiplash”(WAD) and neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Neck Anatomy

The head  weight of 12 lbs  not only does the neck fully support all that weight, it enables the  head to turn or move up or down No other part of the spine has the ability to move so much: in forward motion, and in backward motion, this also includes the  side-to-side motion, and from  shoulder to shoulder. 

The neck is called the cervical spine, and it begins at the base of your skull. It contains 7 small bones (vertebrae), which doctors label C1 to C7 (the ‘C’ means cervical). The numbers 1 to 7 indicate the level of the vertebrae. C1 is nearest to the skull, while C7 is nearest to the chest.

In between each vertebra are tough fibrous shock-absorbing discs called the intervertebral discs? Each disc is made up of a gel-like outer band (annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like inner substance (nucleus pulposus).

Besides the bones and the discs, the neck consists of joints, muscles, and ligaments these stabilize and give the neck its full range of movement.

The neck is the upper part of the spinal cord, and consists of nerve roots, and an elaborate system of arteries and veins. The nerves in the neck help the brain communicate with the shoulders, arms, and chest. The arteries and veins circulate blood to both the brain and the heart.

For Further in depth information on Neck Shoulder Pain including Back Pain or Headaches, please go to top left corner listed under “Pain” or “Conditions “and for Cold Laser Therapy, please go to top left corner under “Treatments”

What is neck pain?

 Neck pain is a very common medical condition, and one seen many times by Physiotherapists. Neck pain can come from many different disorders and diseases which affect the tissues in the neck, such as degenerative disc disease, neck strain, whiplash, herniated disc, or a pinched or trapped nerve or nerves. Neck pain is also referred to as cervical pain.

Symptoms

Neck pain is associated with a dull ache or aching around the afflicted area and will become worse as the neck is moved.  Other symptoms associated with neck pain include numbness, tingling, tenderness, sharp and shooting pains, headaches, difficulty swallowing, pulsations, dizziness or light headedness. It is also possible for the neck glands to swell.

Treatments for Neck Pain

Neck pain treatment options include rest, ice applications, physical therapy chiropractic manipulation, local injections of cortisone or anesthetics, muscle relaxants, analgesics, and surgical procedures. Cold Laser Therapy is also a possible form of treatment.

Neck and back pain are usually common conditions or injuries to the neck and back. The pain may come on gradually, or it may be acute and come on suddenly. Bad posture is a common cause in the onset of this pain but it is not the only cause. Physiotherapists understand the various causes of neck pain, and can offer advice.

Cervicalgia

The neck muscles are constantly placed under tension, although this tension helps to keep the head in position i.e. upright. However, the muscles in the neck are more prone to becoming stiff and painful as a result of this tension. As a result of violent movement or sudden impact (sometimes known as “whiplash” (WAD)).
Cervicalgia is a localised pain that does not radiate through into other areas of the neck. Symptoms include:

·         A sharp pain in the neck

·         Neck ache

·         Pain resulting from head movement

·         Pain radiating to the shoulders, arms and fingers

It also may radiate pain into other areas; this is usually caused by a trapped nerve or nerves. Nerves can become trapped by tight muscles, disc damage, or the formation of bony deposits. Radiating pain in the neck which affects the shoulders and arms may also affect the fingers.

Neck dysfunction can result in dizziness, nausea or headaches but it can be successfully treated by Cold Laser Therapy, one of the treatments offered by Central Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Clinic.

Cervical Disc Injuries

Most cervical disc  injuries are caused by hyperextension, which results in compression of the cervical area 

Flexion injuries in the cervical area do not result in nerve compression.

Symptoms of Cervical Disc Injuries

The Pain may cause loss of sensation or tingling/pins and needles to the arms, and weakness are the main symptoms and signs of cervical disc injury. The pain is most noticeable symptom and it is usually the only one. Cervical disc injury can complicated by compression of either a cervical nerve root or by a compression of the spinal cord, but this reported injury is very infrequent.  When compression of the nervous tissue occurs, patients may report different sensations other than pain. weakness to the legs/leg this is called spinal cord compression. if the arms/arm are  affected this is called nerve root compression

Pain can be felt in the neck or arm. 

Pain is always in the area of the neck and upper back between the shoulder blades. This is due to inflammation of the disk and the cervical vertebra joints. Sever inflammation can flare up after a minor added injury or for other unknown reasons. Neck and shoulder pain are due to the disc bulges that herniates, and stretches the posterior longitudinal ligament.  

b. Rarely, the pain will be felt down the arm.  This pain can be lightning, caused or aggravated by movements of the neck, or can be dull and persistent. Pre-existing neck pain is also present in many individuals. After the arm pain starts, some people report feeling less pain in their neck. When arm pain is present, it is usually because of a combination of disc herniation and bony spurs compressing a nerve root. A free disc fragment can also intrude on a cervical root and cause quite a bit of pain in shoulder or down the arm.

 2. Sensory symptoms other then pain.

When felt in only one arm, they are due to compression of a cervical root and felt in the territory of the cervical root. The C4 root mainly supplies the shoulder with nerves, while the C5 root supplies primarily the arm. The C6 root supplies nerves to the radial side of the forearm, the C7 root addresses the arm and forearm, and the C8 and the T1 root handle mostly the hand. Broadly speaking, two types of sensory symptoms are felt: loss of sensation and new sensations. A loss of sensation is simply numbness. New sensations include tingling (pins and needles), heat, or cold sensations.

If the spinal cord is compressed, most patients report losing sensation in their hand and in the lower part of their body. (Numbness) They have difficulty feeling the floor when they walk and cannot feel that their bladder is full or incontance, this is an emergency and patients should be brought to the hospital right away.

3. Motor symptoms and signs.

Weakness of one arm (the other one being normal) only signals a compression of a nerve root. A compression of C4 results in a weak shoulder; C5 indicates a weak bicep muscle; C6 represents a weak wrist, thumb, and index finger; C7 is a weak tricep, extension of the fingers, and pectoralis muscles; C8 designates weak flexion of the fingers; and T1 corresponds to a weak hand.

 Emergency Treatment.

If the spinal cord is compressed, patients report having difficulty walking and weak legs and hands, numbness these can be the only symptoms and should be treated as an emergency.

Although neck pain can be caused by injury, such as ‘whiplash’ injuries, it is often caused by the cumulative effect of improper sitting posture, reading in bed, poor work habits, stomach sleeping, lack of proper exercise and other lifestyle-related factors. All of these factors cause misalignments in the spine and eventually pain. In fact, the most important factor producing neck pain appears to be spinal misalignments. Even for people who complain that “stress” is causing their pain, the great majority of those have significant spinal misalignments that are contributing to their condition.

Uncorrected chronic spinal misalignments can eventually cause neck pain. As a spinal misalignment worsens, pressure can be put on delicate nerves, sending the surrounding neck muscles go into painful and movement-limiting spasm, headache, even numbness, tingling or weakness in the arms or hands

Cervicogenic headaches  

Cervicogenic headaches  are defined as headaches originating from the neck. The location is typically at the back of the head, sides and top of the head as well as around the forehead and eyes affecting one or more of the above regions at once. These headaches can be located on one or both sides of the head. Cervicogenic headaches are usually associated with dysfunction of the upper neck which can present itself as neck pain or local tenderness, reduced neck range of motion and exacerbation of the headaches by neck movement. The past history of neck trauma is typical for this type of headaches.

The cervicogenic headaches are caused by irritation of nerve endings of injured joints, ligaments, muscles and discs of the neck. The nerve endings in the injured areas send pain signals up the upper nerves of the neck to the brain causing “cross wiring” with the fibers of the trigeminal nerve (one of the nerves in the head) which is responsible for perception of the head pain thus causing the headaches.

Neck pain as well as whiplash injuries and both conditions can result in headaches and all three are commonly treated by Chiropractors.
The treatment is focused on the small joints in the back of the neck called facet joints  that are responsible for neck pain. When these joints dysfunction but injury to the muscles he nerve fibres that innervate / act as sensors for these facet joints also serve to act as sensors to parts of the head. When these facet joints dysfunction these sensors become active, the brain cannot clearly differentiate between the facet joints and the mapping of the head and create the sensation of pain in a broader area- Headache.

Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) commonly known as “whiplash” (WAD).

Form the Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–25 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Bristol. UK

Conclusion: ”Whiplash” (WAD) and neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Khan S, Cook J, Gargan M, Bannister G 

Objective:   To determine which patients with chronic whiplash will benefit from chiropractic treatment.

Design:   Retrospective review by structured telephone interviews of 93 consecutive patients seen in chiropractic clinic.

Setting:   Independent chiropractic clinic in a large city.

Subjects:   93 patients, 68 female.

Main outcome measure:   Gargan and Bannister grading pre and post treatment.

Results:   Three groups of patients were recognised. Group 1 consisted of patients with isolated neck pain associated with a restricted range of neck movement. Group 2 consisted of patients with neurological symptoms or signs associated with a restricted range of movement. Group 3 comprised patients who described severe neck pain but all of whom had a full range of neck movement. Patients in this group often described an unusual group of symptoms, with a bizarre, non-dermatomal pain distribution. There was a significant difference in outcome between the three groups (p<0.001) with only groups 1 and 2 improving following chiropractic manipulation.

Conclusion:   “Whiplash”(WAD) and neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Neck Anatomy

The head  weight of 12 lbs  not only does the neck fully support all that weight, it enables the  head to turn or move up or down No other part of the spine has the ability to move so much: in forward motion, and in backward motion, this also includes the  side-to-side motion, and from  shoulder to shoulder. 

The neck is called the cervical spine, and it begins at the base of your skull. It contains 7 small bones (vertebrae), which doctors label C1 to C7 (the ‘C’ means cervical). The numbers 1 to 7 indicate the level of the vertebrae. C1 is nearest to the skull, while C7 is nearest to the chest.

In between each vertebra are tough fibrous shock-absorbing discs called the intervertebral discs. Each disc is made up of a gel-like outer band (annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like inner substance (nucleus pulposus).

Besides the bones and the discs, the neck consists of joints, muscles, and ligaments these stabilize and give the neck its full range of movement.

The neck is the upper part of the spinal cord, and consists of nerve roots, and an elaborate system of arteries and veins. The nerves in the neck help the brain communicate with the shoulders, arms, and chest. The arteries and veins circulate blood to both the brain and the heart.

For Further in depth Information on Neck pain or Headaches, please go to top left corner under “Pain” or “Conditions.” For Cold Laser Therapy, please go to top left corner under “Treatments”

Call 02476 222002.Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simplyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health.Medicash Medisure. All health insurance accepted.

What is neck pain?

Neck pain is a very common medical condition, and one seen many times by Physiotherapists. Neck pain can come from many different disorders and diseases which affect the tissues in the neck, such as degenerative disc disease, neck strain, whiplash, herniated disc, or a pinched or trapped nerve or nerves. Neck pain is also referred to as cervical pain.

Symptoms

Neck pain is associated with a dull ache or aching around the afflicted area and will become worse as the neck is moved.  Other symptoms associated with neck pain include numbness, tingling, tenderness, sharp and shooting pains, headaches, difficulty swallowing, pulsations, dizziness or lightheadedness. It is also possible for the neck glands to swell.

Treatments for Neck Pain

Neck pain treatment options include rest, ice applications, physical therapy chiropractic manipulation, local injections of cortisone or anesthetics, muscle relaxants, analgesics, and surgical procedures. Cold Laser Therapy is also a possible form of treatment.

Neck and back pain are usually common conditions or injuries to the neck and back. The pain may come on gradually, or it may be acute and come on suddenly. Bad posture is a common cause in the onset of this pain but it is not the only cause. Physiotherapists understand the various causes of neck pain, and can offer advice.

Cervicalgia

The neck muscles are constantly placed under tension, although this tension helps to keep the head in position i.e. upright. However, the muscles in the neck are more prone to becoming stiff and painful as a result of this tension. As a result of violent movement or sudden impact (sometimes known as “whiplash” (WAD)).
Cervicalgia is a localised pain that does not radiate through into other areas of the neck. Symptoms include:

·         A sharp pain in the neck

·         Neck ache

·         Pain resulting from head movement

·         Pain radiating to the shoulders, arms and fingers

It also may radiate pain into other areas; this is usually caused by a trapped nerve or nerves. Nerves can become trapped by tight muscles, disc damage, or the formation of bony deposits. Radiating pain in the neck which affects the shoulders and arms may also affect the fingers.

Neck dysfunction can result in dizziness, nausea or headaches but it can be successfully treated by Cold Laser Therapy is one of the treatments offered by Central Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Clinic.

Cervical Disc Injuries

Most cervical disc  injuries are caused by hyperextension, which results in compression of the cervical area 

Flexion injuries in the cervical area do not result in nerve compression.

Symptoms of Cervical Disc Injuries

The Pain may cause loss of sensation or tingling/pins and needles to the arms, and weakness are the main symptoms and signs of cervical disc injury. The pain is most noticeable symptom and it is usually the only one. Cervical disc injury can complicated by compression of either a cervical nerve root or by a compression of the spinal cord, but this reported injury is very infrequent.  When compression of the nervous tissue occurs, patients may report different sensations other than pain. weakness to the legs/leg this is called spinal cord compression. if the arms/arm are  affected this is called nerve root compression

Pain can be felt in the neck or arm. 

Pain is always in the area of the neck and upper back between the shoulder blades. This is due to inflammation of the disc and the cervical vertebra joints. Sever inflammation can flare up after a minor added injury or for other unknown reasons. Neck and shoulder pain are due to the disc bulges that herniates, and stretches the posterior longitudinal ligament.  

b. Rarely, the pain will be felt down the arm.  This pain can be lightning, caused or aggravated by movements of the neck, or can be dull and persistent. Pre-existing neck pain is also present in many individuals. After the arm pain starts, some people report feeling less pain in their neck. When arm pain is present, it is usually because of a combination of disc herniation and bony spurs compressing a nerve root. A free disc fragment can also intrude on a cervical root and cause quite a bit of pain in shoulder or down the arm.

 2. Sensory symptoms other then pain.

When felt in only one arm, they are due to compression of a cervical root and felt in the territory of the cervical root. The C4 root mainly supplies the shoulder with nerves, while the C5 root supplies primarily the arm. The C6 root supplies nerves to the radial side of the forearm, the C7 root addresses the arm and forearm, and the C8 and the T1 root handle mostly the hand. Broadly speaking, two types of sensory symptoms are felt: loss of sensation and new sensations. A loss of sensation is simply numbness. New sensations include tingling (pins and needles) heat or cold sensations.

If the spinal cord is compressed, most patients report losing sensation in their hand and in the lower part of their body. (Numbness) They have difficulty feeling the floor when they walk and cannot feel that their bladder is full or incontance, this is an emergency and patients should be brought to the hospital right away.

3. Motor symptoms and signs.

Weakness of one arm (the other one being normal) only signals a compression of a nerve root. A compression of C4 results in a weak shoulder; C5 indicates a weak bicep muscle; C6 represents a weak wrist, thumb, and index finger; C7 is a weak tricep, extension of the fingers, and pectoralis muscles; C8 designates weak flexion of the fingers; and T1 corresponds to a weak hand.

 Emergency Treatment.

If the spinal cord is compressed, patients report having difficulty walking and weak legs and hands, numbness these can be the only symptoms and should be treated as an emergency.

Although neck pain can be caused by injury, such as ‘whiplash’ injuries, it is often caused by the cumulative effect of improper sitting posture, reading in bed, poor work habits, stomach sleeping, lack of proper exercise and other lifestyle-related factors. All of these factors cause misalignments in the spine and eventually pain. In fact, the most important factor producing neck pain appears to be spinal misalignments. Even for people who complain that “stress” is causing their pain, the great majority of those have significant spinal misalignments that are contributing to their condition.

Uncorrected chronic spinal misalignments can eventually cause neck pain. As a spinal misalignment worsens, pressure can be put on delicate nerves, sending the surrounding neck muscles go into painful and movement-limiting spasm, headache, even numbness, tingling or weakness in the arms or hands

Cervicogenic headaches  

Cervicogenic headaches  are defined as headaches originating from the neck. The location is typically at the back of the head, sides and top of the head as well as around the forehead and eyes affecting one or more of the above regions at once. These headaches can be located on one or both sides of the head. Cervicogenic headaches are usually associated with dysfunction of the upper neck which can present itself as neck pain or local tenderness, reduced neck range of motion and exacerbation of the headaches by neck movement. The past history of neck trauma is typical for this type of headaches.

 

The cervicogenic headaches are caused by irritation of nerve endings of injured joints, ligaments, muscles and discs of the neck. The nerve endings in the injured areas send pain signals up the upper nerves of the neck to the brain causing “cross wiring” with the fibers of the trigeminal nerve (one of the nerves in the head) which is responsible for perception of the head pain thus causing the headaches.

Neck pain as well as “whiplash” (WAD) injuries and both conditions can result in headaches and all three are commonly treated by Chiropractors.
The treatment is focused on the small joints in the back of the neck called facet joints  that are responsible for neck pain. When these joints dysfunction but injury to the muscles he nerve fibres that innervate / act as sensors for these facet joints also serve to act as sensors to parts of the head. When these facet joints dysfunction these sensors become active, the brain cannot clearly differentiate between the facet joints and the mapping of the head and create the sensation of pain in a broader area- Headache.

 

Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD). common term “Whiplash”(WAD).

FROM:   Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–25 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bristol, UK

Khan S, Cook J, Gargan M, Bannister G 

Objective:   To determine which patients with chronic “whiplash” (WAD) will benefit from chiropractic treatment.

Design:   Retrospective review by structured telephone interviews of 93 consecutive patients seen in chiropractic clinic.

Setting:   Independent chiropractic clinic in a large city.

Subjects:   93 patients, 68 female.

Main outcome measure:   Gargan and Bannister grading pre and post treatment.

Results:   Three groups of patients were recognised. Group 1 consisted of patients with isolated neck pain associated with a restricted range of neck movement. Group 2 consisted of patients with neurological symptoms or signs associated with a restricted range of movement. Group 3 comprised patients who described severe neck pain but all of whom had a full range of neck movement. Patients in this group often described an unusual group of symptoms, with a bizarre, non-dermatomal pain distribution. There was a significant difference in outcome between the three groups (p<0.001) with only groups 1 and 2 improving following chiropractic manipulation.

Conclusion:   “Whiplash”(WAD) and neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.

Neck Anatomy

The head  weight of 12 lbs or more not only does the neck fully support all that weight, it enables the  head to turn or move up or down No other part of the spine has the ability to move so much: in forward motion, and in backward motion, this also includes the  side-to-side motion, and from  shoulder to shoulder. 

The neck is called the cervical spine, and it begins at the base of your skull. It contains 7 small bones (vertebrae), which doctors label C1 to C7 (the ‘C’ means cervical). The numbers 1 to 7 indicate the level of the vertebrae. C1 is nearest to the skull, while C7 is nearest to the chest.

In between each vertebra are tough fibrous shock-absorbing discs called the intervertebral discs. Each disc is made up of a gel-like outer band (annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like inner substance (nucleus pulposus).

Besides the bones and the discs, the neck consists of joints, muscles, and ligaments these stabilize and give the neck its full range of movement.

The neck is the upper part of the spinal cord, and consists of nerve roots, and an elaborate system of arteries and veins. The nerves in the neck help the brain communicate with the shoulders, arms, and chest. The arteries and veins circulate blood to both the brain and the heart.

For Further in depth Information on Neck pain or Headaches, please go to top left corner under “Pain” or “Conditions.” For Cold Laser Therapy, please go to top left corner under “Treatments”

 

Call 024 7622 2002.Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simplyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health.Medicash Medisure. All health insurance accepted. 

Stiff Neck.

Inflammatory Diseases, Severe Injuries, Cervical Disc Degeneration, When Should You Seek Medical Care? What is Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) commonly known as ”Whiplash” (WAD) neck pain Diagnosis?

Stiff Neck a Non specific term for limited neck mobility often due to muscle cramps and accompanied by pain.

The neck (cervical spine) is composed of vertebrae that begin at the base of the skull and end in the upper torso. The vertebrae along with the ligaments provide stability to the spine. The muscles allow for support and movement of the neck. The neck supports the weight of the head which is 12lbs amounting to a significant load for the neck to cope with during motion thus increasing stress onto the neck (cervical spine). Compare to the rest of the spine, the neck is less protected and is more susceptible to injury and various disorders that can result in pain and restricted motion. Sometimes neck pain is a temporary condition going away on its own accord. Other cases require medical diagnosis and treatment to relieve the symptoms.

Cause

Neck pain may result from injury to the soft tissues including muscles, ligaments, nerves, bones and joints of the spine. Soft tissue injuries or prolonged wear and tear are amongst the most common causes of neck pain. Infection or tumours may cause neck pain in rare instances. Sometimes neck problems may be the source of pain in the upper back shoulders or arms.

Inflammatory Diseases

The Vertebral Column.

Rheumatoid arthritis involves joints in the neck and may cause severe stiffness and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis usually occurs in the upper neck area.

Cervical Disc Degeneration

Cervical disc degeneration usually occurs in people aged 40 and older. Disc’s act as shock absorbers between the bones. During cervical disc degeneration the normal gelatine like centre of the disc dries out and the gap between the vertebrae narrows. As the disc space narrows, added stress is imposed onto the joints of the spine exacerbating further wear and degenerative changes. When occurs when cervical disc protrudes due to the weakening of its rim, putting pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Injury

Due to its flexibility and the weight of the head it supports the neck is extremely vulnerable to injury. Road traffic or diving accidents, contact sports, and falls are the main causes of neck injury. A “rear end” shunt during car accident may result in hyperextension, a backward motion of the neck beyond normal limits, or hyper flexion, a forward motion of the neck beyond normal limits. The use of seat belts and head restrains in cars can help to prevent or minimize neck injury. The soft tissues such as muscles and ligaments are most commonly involved. Severe injuries including fracture or dislocation of the neck may lead to the damage the spinal cord and cause paralysis.

What is Whiplash associated Disorder (WAD) common term”whiplash”? (WAD).

“Whiplash” (WAD) injury occurs when the body reacts to sudden deceleration or acceleration force causing hyper flexion or hyperextension of the neck.

“Whiplash” (WAD) injuries are associated with car accidents. The “whiplash”(WAD) injury is sustained when the muscles of the neck and shoulders do not have enough time to brace and hold the head during sudden acceleration or deceleration force application, leading to injuries of the muscles, ligaments, capsule of the facet joints and discs of cervical spine.

Uncomplicated cases

“Whiplash”(WAD) cases that are uncomplicated are the result of sprained ligaments in the neck. The muscles spasm naturally to form a protective mechanism for the neck. The ‘whiplash’(WAD) injury may cause a stiff neck and pain may be present down one or both arms if the nerve roots of cervical part of spinal cord get compressed. Relief for “whiplash” (WAD) can be found with chiropractic treatment, physiotherapy or pain medication.

Severe cases

In severe cases of “whiplash”(WAD) may last for a month or more with persistent and in some cases constant pain. This may indicate that the “whiplash” (WAD) injury has extensive damage and resulting in disc’s rupturing and trapped nerves in the neck. This may also predispose to a “slipped”, ruptured or herniated disc in the back.

(Our Cold Laser Therapy Section is listed under inflammatory conditions.)

Other Causes of neck pain

Tumors, infections, or congenital abnormalities of the vertebrae are less common causes of neck pain.

When Should You Seek Medical Care?

Cases of severe neck pain occur following an injury such as motor vehicle accident, blow to the head or fall related accident. Only a trained professional, such as a paramedic, should immobilize the patient to avoid the risk of further injury and possible paralysis. Medical care should be sought immediately.

Immediate medical care should also be sought when an injury causes pain in the neck that radiates down the arms and legs. Radiating pain or numbness in your arms or legs causing weakness in the arms or legs without significant neck pain should also be evaluated. If there has not been an injury, you should seek medical care when neck pain is:

·         Continuous and persistent

·         Severe

·         Accompanied by pain that radiates down the arms or legs

·         Accompanied by headaches, numbness, tingling, or weakness

Diagnosis

Determining the source of the pain is essential to recommend the appropriate treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is required to determine the cause of neck pain.

Your Physiotherapist or Chiropractor will take a complete history of the symptoms you are having with your neck. The Physiotherapist or Chiropractor may ask you about other illnesses, any injury that occurred to your neck, and any complaints you have associated with neck pain. Previous treatment for your neck condition will also be noted.

Physiotherapist or Chiropractor will also perform a physical examination. This examination may include evaluation of neck motion, tenderness of the neck and the function of the nerves and muscles in your arms and legs.

Digital X-rays often will be obtained to allow your Physiotherapist or Chiropractor to look at the Vertebra (bones) in your neck. This entails simple diagnostic imaging study (radiography) and aids your Physiotherapist or Chiropractor to determine the cause of neck pain and to prescribe effective treatment.

Further evaluation may involve the following:

·    MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). This non x-ray study allows an evaluation of the spinal cord and nerve roots.

·    CT (computed tomography). This specialized Digital x-ray study allows careful evaluation of the bone and spinal canal.

·      EMG (electromyography). This test evaluates nerve and muscle function.

Treatment

The treatment of neck pain depends on the diagnosis. Most patients are treated successfully with Physiotherapy or Chiropractic Treatment. Also rest, medication, immobilization, exercise, activity modifications, or a combination of these methods can be very useful.

Inflammation is a result of stretching muscles and ligaments beyond their limits, (See also Cold Laser Therapy under conditions treated; this therapy is extremely affective in the treatment of inflammation). Surgery is required in very few cases to relieve neck pain. For most patients, a combination of Physiotherapy or Chiropractic treatment, rest, medication, and physical therapy will relieve neck pain. Surgery may be necessary to reduce pressure on the spinal cord or a nerve root when pain is caused by a herniated disc or bony narrowing of the spinal canal. Surgery may also be required following an injury to stabilize the neck and minimize the possibility of paralysis, such as when a fracture results in instability of the neck.

Non specific term for limited neck mobility, often due to muscle cramps and accompanied by pain.

For further in depth information on neck pain,  please go to top left corner listed under “pain” or ”conditions.”

Call 02476 222002.Registered with BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. AVIVA. CIGNA. Simpleyhealth. Standard life. Pru health. Mercia health.Medicash Medisure. All health insurance accepted.

Neck Pain. Cervical Disc Injuries. Cervicalgia. Cervicogenic headaches. 

WHIPLASH-ASSOCIATED DISORDER.(WAD).

Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) commonly known as ‘Whiplash”. From the Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 1999;   21 (1):   22–25 university Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bristol, UK 

Conclusion: “Whiplash” (WAD) and Neck injuries are common. Chiropractic is the only proven effective treatment in chronic cases. Our study enables patients to be classified at initial assessment in order to target those patients who will benefit from such treatment.