You may have been unfortunate enough to be hit by injury whilst in training for a marathon, or perhaps you’ve been suffering from pain in the following areas for a while:

•    Neck

•    Back

•    Knee

•    Shoulder

If so, then it’s likely you’ll be looking for the services of a fully qualified chiropractor, but finding one locally can be difficult.
Found close to the train station and with adequate parking on site, here at Central Chiropractic Clinic we’re within easy reach for those in need of treatment from anywhere in the Midlands. We’ve been providing treatment to patients throughout the Midlands, at our modern Coventry clinic for a number of years.

Our chiropractors – all of whom are registered with the relevant bodies, including the General Chiropractic Council – have a minimum of 15  years clinical experience in the field, and as we’ve grown we’ve also became specialists in low level laser therapy which helps to speed up pain relief and recovery.

Letting a niggling pain in areas such as those listed above prevents you from training to your full potential or even simply limits your movement when playing with your children. This can be a thing of the past, thanks to the service of our chiropractor clinic. We welcome both NHS and private patients, so if you’re suffering give us a call.

Network Spinal Analysis is a gentle and extremely effective style of chiropractic care used to evaluate and adjust the spine. The purpose of NSA is to allow restoration of proper nerve function for full health and peak performance. 

Network Spinal Analysis is a chiropractic technique developed in America in the early 80’s by Dr Donald Epstein. Network Spinal Analysis utilises light touches, specific body contacts and body positioning to develop breathing and body oscillations (or waves) that dissipate stored tension. NSA allows your body to develop new strategies to release this tension on its own. This promotes the clarity and flexibility a body needs to adapt to the challenges of our busy lives. 

How Does NSA Work?  

The spinal cord, in addition to being an electrical system, also conducts information through oscillation, or wave-like motion. Like an overstretched rubber band, the spinal cord tissues oscillate at a higher frequency, or “phase”, when they are under tension. As every cell of the body is connected via an elaborate nerve network to the spinal cord, any change in tension of the spinal cord affects the function of every cell in the body… all 75-100 trillion of them!   

From this, we found that most tension in the vertebra of the spine was secondary to tension patterns from the spinal cord. The stress of having too much to do and not enough time to do it is epidemic in our culture. Consistently high stress levels freeze the body in a “fight or flight” mode, tightening muscles, rounding shoulders, making breathing shallow, and limiting blood and oxygen to the parts of your brain responsible for relaxation, revitalization, creativity, and growth.   We find that a busy life is typically not the problem. The problem is an inability to shift gears and “unhook” from the stress-causing factors that are overwhelming you.
That’s why, instead of trying to mechanically adjust or align the spine through manipulation of the vertebra, a Network Chiropractor seeks to understand the physical, emotional, and mental factors related to the tension pattern and then find the specific points on the spine that will help the body resolve its tension using the exact amount of pressure that cues the brain from stress into ease. No twisting, popping, or cracking is necessary. 

The Network Chiropractor is using the principle of leverage. This is when they make the light gentle adjustments. The idea is like moving huge boulder without having to use a great deal of force if you use the leverage of a tree branch.
Putting the lever in the exact right place, at the right time with the right amount of light force, you can easily move the boulder. Likewise, Network Chiropractors are trained during post-graduate courses on Network Spinal Analysis to know the exact leverage point and manoeuvres to utilise on the spine to release tension to allow the body to find equilibrium. 

What scientific evidence do you have that your method works? 

NSA is one of the most researched methods in chiropractic. Network Spinal Analysis™ has been the subject of academic study, research and publication for its unprecedented effect in wellness and quality of life, adaptability to stress, enhanced life enjoyment, facilitation of constructive lifestyle changes. Also studies are being conducted as to its influence on the advancement and evolution of the nervous system’s strategies for self-organization.
A retrospective study of nearly 3,000 people through the University of California Irvine Medical College documented significant improvements in quality of life in the majority of people receiving Network Chiropractic care. 

The wave patterns that occur during a Network entrainment are the focus of University of Southern California mathematician professor Edmund Jonckheere, who is currently studying the relationship between these wave patterns and the energy-efficiency and adaptability of the nervous system.   

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine featured the evolving paradigm that contains NSA and SRI, called Reorganizational Healing, in May ’09. 

NSA Sessions 

The adjustments are made along the spine and are as gentle as the pressure that you could comfortably apply to your closed eyelid. 

• You keep your clothes on (except your shoes) during a session.
• Sessions last about 30-40 minutes.
• The therapy is not painful, although the bodily sensations can be surprising and emotional releases during sessions are common.
• Practitioners evaluate the client’s progress based on his or her self-reported experience.

Benefits of NSA 

Research has shown that as a spine, body and nervous system becomes healthier, physical wellbeing improves to provide more spinal flexibility, diminished symptoms and a greater ability to cope, developing an internal sense of wellness regardless of circumstances.
Examples of further additional benefits reported include: 

• Less physical pain
• Less tension or stiffness of the spine
• Greater flexibility
• Reduced allergies, eczema, asthma
• Fewer colds flu & headaches
• Less menstrual discomfort
• Improved response to stress
• Improved mental/emotional state
• Improved life enjoyment
• Improved overall quality of life

Basic care typically lasts 6 to 8 weeks, with 2 to 3 sessions per week. At the end of this period, clients generally report better body awareness, stronger spinal movement, and relief from discomfort and more ease in releasing tension.
After basic care sessions, you can choose to continue with treatment and enjoy wellness 

Network Spinal Analysis Research

The following is a list of peer-reviewed publications involving Network Spinal Analysis Care. Further information regarding Network Spinal Analysis Research currently in process or programs where information on Network Spinal Analysis Research has been presented is available at www.associationfornetworkcare.com

Improvement in Attention in Patients Undergoing Network Spinal Analysis: A Case Series Using Objective Measures of Attention
Pauli Y. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, August 23, 2007; 1-9

Objective: Anecdotal preliminary evidence suggests that chiropractic care may be of benefits for individuals suffering from ADHD. This case series presents the improvement in attention experienced by 9 adult patients undergoing Network Spinal Analysis.

Methods: Nine adult patients are presented (4 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 40.4 years (range 22 – 58 years old). All patients were evaluated with the Test of Variable of Attention (TOVA) before receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care and at 2 months into care. The nine patients received level 1 NSA care for two months, as taught by the Association for Network Care. Neurospinal integrity was evaluated with palpation, as well as surface electromyography. Cognitive process of attention was objectively evaluated using a continuous performance test, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA).

Results: We evaluated our patient cohort before and after Network care using sEMG and variables from the continuous performance test (TOVA). Before care, all patients had an abnormal ADHD score with a mean of -3.74 (range: – 8.54 to -1.89). After 2 months of care, all patients had a significant change in ADHD score (p=0.08) and 88% completely normalized the ADHD score. 77% and 66% of patients experienced significant change in reaction time and variability score, respectively. All patients experienced a significant reduction in sEMG pattern of activation (p=0.08). We discuss possible mechanisms by which spinal care may have enhanced the function of the prefrontal cortex, thereby resulting in improved attentional capacities

Conclusion: In this case series the nine adult patients experienced significant improvement in attention, as measured by objective outcomes, after receiving two months of Network Spinal Analysis. The progress documented in this report suggests that NSA care may positively affect the brain by creating plastic changes in the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical areas serving as neural substrate for the cognitive process of attention. These findings may be of importance for individuals suffering from attention deficit. Further research into this area is greatly needed.

Quality of Life Improvements and Spontaneous Lifestyle Changes in a Patient Undergoing Subluxation-Centered Chiropractic Care: A Case Study
Pauli Y. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, October 11, 2006; 1-15

Purpose of Study: This case study is to report the improvement in quality of life experienced by a patient undergoing subluxation-centered chiropractic care.

Clinical Features: A 36 year old male presented with primary health concerns of stress, eye pain and left leg pain of 14 years duration radiating to the foot and secondary complaints of gastritis, ulcers, nervousness, depression, lack of concentration and general loss of interest in daily life. The patient also smokes, does not exercise, eats a sub-optimal diet and rated his family and friends support, as well as job satisfaction as sufficient.

Intervention and Outcome: We discuss the various analyses employed to evaluate vertebral subluxations, including paraspinal surface electromyography and thermography. Adjustive care included a combination of Network Spinal Analysis, Torque Release Technique and diversified structural adjustments to correct vertebral subluxations over a six month period. We used visual analog scales, open-ended questions and selected items from the Self-Rated Health and Wellness Instrument to monitor health changes, as well as the positive improvements in quality of life as perceived by the patient himself.

Conclusion: This case study demonstrates that the correction of vertebral subluxations over an 11 month period was associated with significant improvements in the quality of life of the patient.

Chiropractic Care of a Battered Woman: A Case Study
Bedell L. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, July 20, 2006; 1-6

Objective: This case study documents the chiropractic care of battered woman struggling with Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Chiropractic offers battered women a unique service, it is the only profession trained and licensed to detect and correct vertebral subluxations. The relationship between the stresses of abuse and vertebral subluxation, as well as the subsequent changes during chiropractic care, are described.

Clinical Features: A Caucasian, 23-year old female presented with headaches, neck pain, and upper back pain. The initial complaint noted sharp, knife-like pains into the medial scapular borders, worse on the right side. Tingling extended into the right hand, most severe in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers.

Chiropractic care and outcome: Protocols of both Torque Release and Activator techniques were utilized to evaluate vertebral subluxations. Subjective quality of life issues were evaluated through a Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) Health Status Questionnaire. After commencing chiropractic care, this woman suffered a cervical spine hyper-extension/hyper-flexion type injury from an automobile accident. For the first 30 days after, adjustments were applied twice weekly. Acute exacerbations of symptoms unrelated to the original complaints were displayed and progress became irregular. During the next 60 days, there were various unexplained falls and severe flare-ups of painful symptoms, and she finally admitted to being battered by her husband. Referrals to counselors and programs dealing with domestic violence were provided. Once the physical battering stopped, consistent progress was noted in both clinical symptoms and quality of life issues.

Conclusion: As a battered woman must receive emotional and social support to improve her situation, it is important for chiropractors to recognize the “red flags” of IPV. Chiropractors re-evaluate regularly for changes in vertebral subluxation patterns and can recognize inconsistent responses. They may also be the first caregivers to offer a vitalistic approach; considering a woman’s physical, chemical, and emotional quality of life; a perspective that offers significant connection and trust. This article serves as a foundation on the topic of IPV and chiropractic, for use in both communities.

Wellness lifestyles II: Modeling the dynamic of wellness, health lifestyle practices, and Network Spinal Analysis.
Schuster TL, Dobson M, Jauregui M, Blanks RH. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. April 2004;10(2):357-67.
PMID: 15165417

OBJECTIVE: Empirical application of a theoretical framework linking use of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA; a holistic, wellness-oriented form of complementary and alternative medicine [CAM]), health lifestyle practices, and self-reported health and wellness. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-administered survey study. RESPONDENTS: Two thousand five hundred and ninety-six (2596) patients from 156 offices of doctors who were members of the Association for Network Chiropractic (currently titled Association for Network Care); estimated response rate was 69%. MEASURES: Exogenous variables entered into the structural equation model include gender, age, education, income, marital status, ailments, life change, and trauma. A wellness construct consisted of calculated difference scores between two referents, “presently” and “before Network” care, for self-reported items representing wellness domains of physical state, mental-emotional state, stress evaluation, and life enjoyment. Positive reported change in nine items assembled into dietary practices, health practices, and health risk dimensions serve as indicators of the construct of changes in health lifestyle practices. The NSA care construct consisted of duration of care in months, awareness of energy and awareness of breathing since beginning Network care. RESULTS: Of the exogenous variables only gender, age, and education remain in the final parsimonious structural equation model in these data. Reported wellness benefits accrue to individuals along a direct path from both self-reported positive lifestyle change (0.22), and from NSA care (0.43). The path (0.65) from NSA care to positive health lifestyle changes indicates that NSA care also has an indirect effect on wellness through changes in health lifestyle practices.

CONCLUSIONS: The Structural Equation model tested in these analyses lends support to our theoretical framework linking wellness, health lifestyles, and CAM. This study provides further evidence that our measurements of health and wellness are particularly appropriate for investigating wellness-oriented CAM. There is a positive relationship between the experience of NSA care and self-reported improvements in wellness as well as self-reported changes in lifestyle practices. NSA care users tend toward the practice of a positive health lifestyle, which also has a direct effect on reported improvements in wellness. These empirical links are discussed relative to the sociodemographic characteristics of this population and show that use of NSA care is an aspect of a wellness lifestyle.

Wellness lifestyles I: A theoretical framework linking wellness, health lifestyles, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Schuster TL, Dobson M, Jauregui M, Blanks RH. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. April 2004;10(2):349-56.
PMID: 15165416

Scholarship concerning complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices within the United States could benefit from incorporating sociological perspectives into the development of a comprehensive research agenda. We review the literature on health and wellness emphasizing definitions and distinctions, the health lifestyles literature emphasizing issues of both life choices and life chances, and studies of CAM suggesting utilization as an aspect of a wellness lifestyle. This review forms the foundation of a new theoretical framework for CAM research based on the interrelationship of CAM with health promotion, wellness, and health lifestyles. To date, few studies have sought to bring these various elements together into a single, comprehensive model that would enable an assessment of the complexity of individual health and wellness in the context of CAM. We argue that attention to literatures on health measurement and health lifestyles are essential for exploring the effectiveness and continuing use of CAM.

The Transition of Network Spinal Analysis Care: Hallmarks of a Client-Centered Wellness Education Multi-Component System of Health Care Delivery
Epstein D. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, April 5, 2004; 1-7

Network Spinal Analysis TM (NSA) care has been transitioned from a health care system with the objective of correction of two types of vertebral subluxation, to a multi-component system of health care delivery with emphasis on wellness education for participating clients. NSA care is now delivered and communicated in discrete Levels of Care with emphasis on client participation through self-evaluation. Emphasis on wellness education will be introduced into NSA practice through training via a Certificate Program currently under development. This paper considers some hallmarks that delineate a wellness education, patient (client)-centered practice. The concepts presented relative to this wellness model of health care delivery are believed to be applicable to any approach with similar practice objectives. The perspective presented considers that the major aspects of a patient-centered, wellness education health care delivery system is multi-dimensional. Hallmarks include differentiating terms, and establishing a wellness mentality. Substantiation of the discipline must be established through credible published research regarding its efficacy and safety as well as a consistent and valid means of measuring progressive outcomes derived from the care received. The relationship of NSA to other disciplines is discussed.

Successful In Vitro Fertilization in a Poor Responder While Under Network Spinal Analysis Care: A Case Report
Senzon SA. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, September 14, 2003; 1-6

Objective: This case report describes the successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) of a 34 year old female who had one previous aborted IVF attempt prior to Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care. This case report is being presented to add to other case reports that show positive physiological changes in patients receiving NSA care.

Clinical Features: The IVF was attempted due to her partner’s azoospermia. The first IVF attempt was on 3/26/02. The patient had a poor follicular growth after the standard hyper-stimulation process of the ovaries, including pre-treatment with Mircette (birth control pills) and 1mg/0.2ml of Lupron (a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist), and 3-6 amps of Gonal-F (a recombinant fsh) starting on cycle day 3. Her baseline day 3 estradiol and LH levels were only 21.2pg/me and 5.0 I.U./L respectively. On cycle day 8, estradiol was only 56% and LH was 6.6 I.U./L. The Gonal-F was increased to 6amps. This first attempt was canceled due to the poor follicle growth. Only 3-4 follicles of insufficient size between 10-14mm each were found.

Chiropractic Care and Outcomes: On 4/11/02, the patient commenced regular NSA care. The second IVF attempt began on 6/6/02. The change in IVF protocol was the addition of Repronex (also a gonadotropin a combination of LH and fsh). The total increased dose of Gonal-F and Repronex was 6amps, compared to the first attempt of only 3amps which was then increased to 6amps of Gonal-F only.

Conclusion: On the second IVF attempt, estradiol was 1001pg/ml on day 8, and 2019pg/ml on day 11, with LH at 9.3. The Oocyte retrieval after the second attempt was 10 eggs, each approximately 18mm. A successful aspiration of eggs was completed on 6/17/02, and a successful pregnancy followed. The patient is still under NSA care, and is now in her second trimester with normal fetal heart sounds. The possible role of NSA care in the vigorous follicular growth and other health benefits is discussed.

Insult, Interference and Infertility: An Overview of Chiropractic Research
Behrendt M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, May 2, 2003; 1

Objective: Infertility is distinct from sterility, implying potential, and therefore raises questions as to what insult or interference influences this sluggish outcome. Interference in physiological function, as viewed by the application of chiropractic principles, suggests a neurological etiology and is approached through the mechanism of detection of vertebral subluxation and subsequent appropriate and specific adjustments to promote potential and function. Parental health and wellness prior to conception influences reproductive success and sustainability, begging efficient, effective consideration and interpretation of overall state and any distortion. A discussion of diverse articles is presented, describing the response to chiropractic care among subluxated infertile women.

Clinical Features: Fourteen retrospective articles are referenced, their diversity includes: all 15 subjects are female, ages 22-65; prior pregnancy history revealed 11 none, 2 successful unassisted, 1 assisted, 1 history of miscarriage. 9 had previous treatment for infertility, 4 were undergoing infertility treatment when starting chiropractic care. Presenting concerns included: severe low back pain, neck pain, colitis, diabetes, and female dysfunction such as absent or irregular menstrual cycle, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, infertility, perimenopause and the fertility window within a religiousbased lifestyle, and a poor responder undergoing multiple cycles of IVF.

Chiropractic Care and Outcome: Outcomes of chiropractic care include but are not limited to benefits regarding neuromuscular concerns, as both historical and modern research describe associations with possible increased physiological functions, in this instance reproductive function. Chiropractic care and outcome are discussed, based on protocols of a variety of arts, including Applied Kinesiology (A.K.), Diversified, Directional Non-Force Technique (D.N.F.T.), Gonstead, Network Spinal Analysis (N.S.A.), Torque Release Technique (T.R.T.), Sacro Occipital Technique (S.O.T.) and Stucky-Thompson Terminal Point Technique. Care is described over a time frame of 1 to 20 months.

Conclusion: The application of chiropractic care and subsequent successful outcomes on reproductive integrity, regardless of factors including age, history and medical intervention, are described through a diversity of chiropractic arts. Future studies that may evaluate more formally and on a larger scale, the effectiveness, safety and cost benefits of chiropractic care on both well-being and physiological function are suggested, as well as pursuit of appropriate funding.

Chaotic Modeling in Network Spinal Analysis: Nonlinear Canonical Correlation with Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE): A Preliminary Report
Bohacek S, Jonckheere E. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, December 1998; 2(4): 188-195

Abstract – This paper presents a preliminary non-linear mathematical analysis of surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from a subject receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA).The unfiltered sEMG data was collected over a bandwidth of 10-500 Hz and stored on a PC compatible computer. Electrodes were placed at the level of C1/C2,T6, L5, and S2 and voltage signals were recorded during the periods in which the patient was experiencing the “somatopsychic” wave, characteristic of NSA care. The intent of the preliminary study was to initiate mathematical characterization of the wave phenomenon relative to its “chaotic,” and/or nonlinear nature. In the present study the linear and nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analyses (CCA) have been used. The latter, nonlinear CCA, is coupled to specific implementation referred to as Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE). Preliminary findings obtained by comparing canonical correlation coefficients (CCC’s) indicate that the ACE nonlinear functions of the sEMG waveform data lead to a smaller expected prediction error than if linear functions are used. In particular, the preliminary observations of larger nonlinear CCC’s compared to linear CCC’s indicate that there is some nonlinearity in the data representing the “somatopsychic” waveform. Further analysis of linear and nonlinear predictors indicates that 4th order nonlinear predictors perform 20 % better than linear predictors, and 10th order nonlinear predictors perform 30% better than linear predictors.This suggests that the waveform possesses a nonlinear “attractor” with a dimension between 4 and 10. Continued refinement of the ACE algorithm to allow for detection of more nonlinear distortions is expected to further clarify the extent to which the sEMG signal associated with the “somatopsychic” waveform of NSA is differentiated as nonlinear as opposed to random.

Reduction of Psoriasis in a Patient under Network Spinal Analysis Care: A Case Report
Behrendt M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, December 1998; 2(4): 196-200

This case report describes the progress of a 52 year old male with chronic psoriasis, first diagnosed in April of 1992. After the condition exacerbated over a five year period, he was placed on 12.5 mg/week methotrexate, and oral immunosuppressant medication in October of 1997.After commencing the medication, the condition reduced from 6% body coverage, with flares of 15-20%, to a body coverage of 5%. Following a cessation of the oral medication in February, 1998, the condition recurred at the previous uncontrolled level within one month. The patient was again placed on 12.5 mg/week methotrexate, and subsequently the condition reduced to 5% body coverage. The patient’s dose was reduced to 10 mg/week, and later to 7.5 mg/week, with the psoriasis remaining at 5% coverage. On 5/18/98, the patient commenced regular NSA care. He reported a reduction in the psoriasis condition on 6/3/98, and was taken off the oral medication on 6/25/98. The reduction continued, and the patient was advised by his medical physician on 7/01/98 to continue the cessation of oral medication. As of 9/30/98 the psoriasis had decreased to 0.5% to 1.0 % of coverage, and prior plans to initiate ultraviolet-A therapy were canceled. As of 11/98, a five month period since cessation of methotrexate, the patient has remained under regular NSA care, with no recurrence of psoriasis body coverage greater than 1%, the only medication being a topical ointment. This is contrasted to the recurrence after one month, following the patient’s first cessation of methotrexate, and prior to NSA care. The possible role of NSA care in the reduction of the patient’s psoriasis, and other health benefits is discussed.

Changes in Digital Skin Temperature, Surface Electromyography, and Electrodermal Activity in Subjects Receiving Network Spinal Analysis Care
Miller E, Redmond P. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, June 1998; 2(2): 87-95

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate changes in digital skin temperature (DST), surface electromyography (sEMG), and electrodermal activity (EDA) in a group of twenty subjects receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care. Data, simultaneously derived from all three parameters, were considered to be indirect correlates of sympathetic nervous system activity. Subjects, including a group of five controls, were assessed for a period of 17 minutes. The continuous assessment period included a baseline interval of 4.5 minutes, followed by a 12.5 minute period which was divided into five 2.5 minute intervals. Care was administered to the NSA recipient group immediately after the baseline period, whereas controls received no intervention following baseline. Results revealed no significant differences in DST either within or between the two groups. Surface EMG readings were relatively constant over the five intervals following baseline in the NSA group, while controls showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in sEMG at the second through fifth intervals relative to the first interval following baseline activity. Electrodermal activity was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the NSA group in the second through fifth intervals compared to baseline. Moreover, decreases varied between intervals, but exhibited a leveling from the third through fifth interval. Control subjects, alternatively, exhibited an increase in EDA in all intervals following baseline. The extent of increase resulted in EDA activity significantly greater than the NSA group at the third through fifth intervals. It was concluded that the increase in EMG activity in the control groups may have reflected an increasing level of anxiety due to the duration of the recording period. Since the NSA group expressed constancy in sEMG activity during the same period, coupled to significant decreases in EDA, a “sympathetic quieting effect” was postulated to occur in subjects receiving NSA care. This conclusion is consistent with hypothesized neurological pathways linked to responses observed during NSA care, as well as other reports of self-reported improvements in mental/emotional state and stress reduction in patients receiving Network Chiropractic Care.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: About the Cover
Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1998; 2(1): Cover

About the Cover: Functional Magnetic resonance Imaging (fMRI), which measures the relative presence of oxy-hemoglobin, has gained attention as a non-invasive medium through which high resolution images of the brain and other tissue may be acquired. This technology may provide a useful assessment of cortical changes following chiropractic intervention. Images of the patient depicted on the cover, on the left, reflect cortical activity (lighted areas in the parietal cortex, frontal cortex areas 9, 10; visual association areas 19, 37, and 39) associated with the learning process of a “novel” muscular maneuver of the foot. Images on the right reflect cortical activity following a Network Spinal Analysis (form of chiropractic) adjustment session, taken approximately 20 minutes after the first set of images, involving the same activity. The decrease in “lighted” areas before and after the adjustment session suggests that less cortical “planning” or “activity” is associated with the “novel” foot maneuver. Thus, the ability of fMRI to visualize changes in cortical activity may play a significant role in elucidating the consequences of vertebral subluxation correction on neurological function.

An Impairment Rating Analysis Of Asthmatic Children Under Chiropractic Care
Graham R, Pistolese R. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(4): 41-48

A self-reported asthma-related impairment study was conducted on 81 children under chiropractic care. The intent of this study was to quantify self-reported changes in impairment experienced by the pediatric asthmatic subjects, before and after a two month period under chiropractic care. Practitioners, representing a general range of six different approaches to vertebral subluxation correction, administered a specifically designed asthma impairment questionnaire at the appropriate intervals. Subjects were categorized into two groups; 1-10 years and 11-17 years. Parents/guardians completed questionnaires for the younger group, while the older subjects self-reported their perceptions of impairment. Significantly lower impairment rating scores (improvement) were reported for 90.1% of subjects 60 days after chiropractic care when compared to the pre-chiropractic scores (p < 0.05) with an effect size of 0.96. As well, there were no significant differences across the age groups based on parent/guardian versus self rated scores. Girls reported higher (less improvement) before and after care compared to boys, although significant decreases in impairment ratings were reported for each gender. This suggested a greater clinical effect for boys which was supported by effect sizes ranging from 1.2 for boys compared to 0.75 for girls. Additionally, 25 of 81 subjects (30.9%) chose to voluntarily decrease their dosage of medication by an average of 66.5% while under chiropractic care. Moreover, information collected from patients revealed that among 24 patients reporting asthma “attacks” in the 30 day period prior to the study, the number of “attacks” decreased significantly by an average of 44.9% (p <.05). Based on the data obtained in this study, it was concluded that chiropractic care, for correction of vertebral subluxation, is a safe nonpharmacologic health care approach which may also be associated with significant decreases in asthma related impairment as well as a decreased incidence of asthmatic “attacks.” The findings suggest that chiropractic care should be further investigated relative to providing the most efficacious care management regimen for pediatric asthmatics.

[Note: NSA care was one of the chiropractic approaches used in this study supported by the Michigan Chiropractic Council]

A Retrospective Assessment of Network Care Using a Survey of Self-Rated Health, Wellness and Quality of Life
Blanks RH, Schuster TL, Dobson M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(4): 15-31

The present study represents a retrospective characterization of Network Care, a health care discipline within the subluxation-based chiropractic model. Data were obtained from 156 Network offices (49% practitioner participation rate) in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Puerto Rico. Sociodemographic characterization of 2818 respondents, representing a 67-71% response rate, revealed a population predominately white, female, well-educated, professional, or white collar workers. A second objective of the study included the development and initial validation of a new health survey instrument. The instrument was specifically designed to assess wellness through patients’ self-rating different health domains and overall quality of life at two “time” points: “presently” and retrospectively, recalling their status before initiating care (“before Network”). Statistical evaluation employing Chronbach’s alpha and theta coefficients derived from principle components factor analyses, indicated a high level of internal reliability in regard to the survey instrument, as well as stable reliability of the retrospective recall method of self-rated perceptions of change as a function of duration of care. Results indicated that patients reported significant, positive perceived change (p < 0.000) in all four domains of health, as well as overall quality of life. Effect sizes for these difference scores were all large (>0.9). Wellness was assessed by summing the scores for the four health domains into a combined wellness scale, and comparing this combined scale “presently” and “before Network.” The difference, or “wellness coefficient” spanning a range of -1 to +1, with zero representing no change, showed positive, progressive increases over the duration of care intervals ranging from 1-3 months to over three years. The evidence of improved health in the four domains (physical state, mental/emotional state, stress evaluation, life enjoyment), overall quality of life from a standardized index, and the “wellness coefficient,” suggests that Network Care is associated with significant benefits. These benefits are evident from as early as 1-3 months under care, and appear to show continuing clinical improvements in the duration of care intervals studied, with no indication of a maximum clinical benefit. These findings are being further evaluated through longitudinal studies of current populations under care in combination with investigation of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying its effects.

Network Spinal Analysis: A System of Health Care Delivery Within the Subluxation-Based Chiropractic Model
Epstein, D. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, August 1996; 1(1): 51-59

The theoretical basis and clinical application of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) is described. NSA delivers health care within the subluxation-based chiropractic model and seeks to contribute to the distinction of the various techniques and methods within the profession by describing and discussing its major characteristics. In this regard, clinical observations relative to the application of the Network Protocol have been described in relation to the monitoring of patient and practitioner outcomes. Relevant research from a separate Network Care retrospective study, which impacts on its characterization, profiles the patient population as predominantly female. Other data indicates that Network Care is widely and consistently practiced. Additionally, patients report significant, positive changes in health-related quality of life measures linked to certain clinical components of Network Care.
 

Visualization of a stationary CPG-revealing spinal wave* (Abstract from research at the University of Southern California, Professor Edmond Jonchkeere, et al.) 

Program of MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 14 – ACCELERATING CHANGE IN HEALTH CARE: NEXT MEDICAL TOOLKIT* conference where Professor Jonchkeere will present a paper on the NSA Somatopsychic Wave (Prof. Jonckheere’s presentation is scheduled on pg. 20)

Paper Presentation accepted at the International Society of Quality of Life Research Conference in Prague, Czech Republic Nov. 12-15th, 2003 

Read the latest research articles on Surface Electromyography in Network Spinal Analysis™ (In order to view the files below, it is necessary that you have Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you do not have this please Click Here to download your free copy now.)

• Dynamic Modeling of Spinal Electromyographic activity during various conditions
• Nonlinear Switching Dynamics in Surface Electromyography of the Spine 

This research, which involves human subjects, has been approved by the University Park Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Southern California

Network Spinal Analysis™: A Research Perspective

Statement of Efficacy

The Case Report 

Health & Wellness Quality of Life Questionnaire (Adobe Acrobat Reader Required)
(Questionnaire available to download free of charge courtesy of the Association for Network Care)

For more information on Network Spinal Analysis™  Research please visit the Association For Network Care website at www.associationfornetworkcare.com

Network Spinal Analysis is a gentle and extremely effective style of chiropractic care used to evaluate and adjust the spine. The purpose of NSA is to allow restoration of proper nerve function for full health and peak performance. 

Network Spinal Analysis is a chiropractic technique developed in America in the early 80’s by Dr Donald Epstein. Network Spinal Analysis utilises light touches, specific body contacts and body positioning to develop breathing and body oscillations (or waves) that dissipate stored tension. NSA allows your body to develop new strategies to release this tension on its own. This promotes the clarity and flexibility a body needs to adapt to the challenges of our busy lives. 

How Does NSA Work?  

The spinal cord, in addition to being an electrical system, also conducts information through oscillation, or wave-like motion. Like an overstretched rubber band, the spinal cord tissues oscillate at a higher frequency, or “phase”, when they are under tension. As every cell of the body is connected via an elaborate nerve network to the spinal cord, any change in tension of the spinal cord affects the function of every cell in the body… all 75-100 trillion of them!   

From this, we found that most tension in the vertebra of the spine was secondary to tension patterns from the spinal cord. The stress of having too much to do and not enough time to do it is epidemic in our culture. Consistently high stress levels freeze the body in a “fight or flight” mode, tightening muscles, rounding shoulders, making breathing shallow, and limiting blood and oxygen to the parts of your brain responsible for relaxation, revitalization, creativity, and growth.   We find that a busy life is typically not the problem. The problem is an inability to shift gears and “unhook” from the stress-causing factors that are overwhelming you.
That’s why, instead of trying to mechanically adjust or align the spine through manipulation of the vertebra, a Network Chiropractor seeks to understand the physical, emotional, and mental factors related to the tension pattern and then find the specific points on the spine that will help the body resolve its tension using the exact amount of pressure that cues the brain from stress into ease. No twisting, popping, or cracking is necessary. 

The Network Chiropractor is using the principle of leverage. This is when they make the light gentle adjustments. The idea is like moving huge boulder without having to use a great deal of force if you use the leverage of a tree branch.
Putting the lever in the exact right place, at the right time with the right amount of light force, you can easily move the boulder. Likewise, Network Chiropractors are trained during post-graduate courses on Network Spinal Analysis to know the exact leverage point and manoeuvres to utilise on the spine to release tension to allow the body to find equilibrium. 

What scientific evidence do you have that your method works? 

NSA is one of the most researched methods in chiropractic. Network Spinal Analysis™ has been the subject of academic study, research and publication for its unprecedented effect in wellness and quality of life, adaptability to stress, enhanced life enjoyment, facilitation of constructive lifestyle changes. Also studies are being conducted as to its influence on the advancement and evolution of the nervous system’s strategies for self-organization.
A retrospective study of nearly 3,000 people through the University of California Irvine Medical College documented significant improvements in quality of life in the majority of people receiving Network Chiropractic care. 

The wave patterns that occur during a Network entrainment are the focus of University of Southern California mathematician professor Edmund Jonckheere, who is currently studying the relationship between these wave patterns and the energy-efficiency and adaptability of the nervous system.   

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine featured the evolving paradigm that contains NSA and SRI, called Reorganizational Healing, in May ’09. 

NSA Sessions 

The adjustments are made along the spine and are as gentle as the pressure that you could comfortably apply to your closed eyelid. 

• You keep your clothes on (except your shoes) during a session.
• Sessions last about 30-40 minutes.
• The therapy is not painful, although the bodily sensations can be surprising and emotional releases during sessions are common.
• Practitioners evaluate the client’s progress based on his or her self-reported experience.

Benefits of NSA 

Research has shown that as a spine, body and nervous system becomes healthier, physical wellbeing improves to provide more spinal flexibility, diminished symptoms and a greater ability to cope, developing an internal sense of wellness regardless of circumstances.
Examples of further additional benefits reported include: 

• Less physical pain
• Less tension or stiffness of the spine
• Greater flexibility
• Reduced allergies, eczema, asthma
• Fewer colds flu & headaches
• Less menstrual discomfort
• Improved response to stress
• Improved mental/emotional state
• Improved life enjoyment
• Improved overall quality of life

Basic care typically lasts 6 to 8 weeks, with 2 to 3 sessions per week. At the end of this period, clients generally report better body awareness, stronger spinal movement, and relief from discomfort and more ease in releasing tension.
After basic care sessions, you can choose to continue with treatment and enjoy wellness 

Network Spinal Analysis Research

The following is a list of peer-reviewed publications involving Network Spinal Analysis Care. Further information regarding Network Spinal Analysis Research currently in process or programs where information on Network Spinal Analysis Research has been presented is available at www.associationfornetworkcare.com

Improvement in Attention in Patients Undergoing Network Spinal Analysis: A Case Series Using Objective Measures of Attention
Pauli Y. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, August 23, 2007; 1-9

Objective: Anecdotal preliminary evidence suggests that chiropractic care may be of benefits for individuals suffering from ADHD. This case series presents the improvement in attention experienced by 9 adult patients undergoing Network Spinal Analysis.

Methods: Nine adult patients are presented (4 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 40.4 years (range 22 – 58 years old). All patients were evaluated with the Test of Variable of Attention (TOVA) before receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care and at 2 months into care. The nine patients received level 1 NSA care for two months, as taught by the Association for Network Care. Neurospinal integrity was evaluated with palpation, as well as surface electromyography. Cognitive process of attention was objectively evaluated using a continuous performance test, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA).

Results: We evaluated our patient cohort before and after Network care using sEMG and variables from the continuous performance test (TOVA). Before care, all patients had an abnormal ADHD score with a mean of -3.74 (range: – 8.54 to -1.89). After 2 months of care, all patients had a significant change in ADHD score (p=0.08) and 88% completely normalized the ADHD score. 77% and 66% of patients experienced significant change in reaction time and variability score, respectively. All patients experienced a significant reduction in sEMG pattern of activation (p=0.08). We discuss possible mechanisms by which spinal care may have enhanced the function of the prefrontal cortex, thereby resulting in improved attentional capacities

Conclusion: In this case series the nine adult patients experienced significant improvement in attention, as measured by objective outcomes, after receiving two months of Network Spinal Analysis. The progress documented in this report suggests that NSA care may positively affect the brain by creating plastic changes in the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical areas serving as neural substrate for the cognitive process of attention. These findings may be of importance for individuals suffering from attention deficit. Further research into this area is greatly needed.

Quality of Life Improvements and Spontaneous Lifestyle Changes in a Patient Undergoing Subluxation-Centered Chiropractic Care: A Case Study
Pauli Y. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, October 11, 2006; 1-15

Purpose of Study: This case study is to report the improvement in quality of life experienced by a patient undergoing subluxation-centered chiropractic care.

Clinical Features: A 36 year old male presented with primary health concerns of stress, eye pain and left leg pain of 14 years duration radiating to the foot and secondary complaints of gastritis, ulcers, nervousness, depression, lack of concentration and general loss of interest in daily life. The patient also smokes, does not exercise, eats a sub-optimal diet and rated his family and friends support, as well as job satisfaction as sufficient.

Intervention and Outcome: We discuss the various analyses employed to evaluate vertebral subluxations, including paraspinal surface electromyography and thermography. Adjustive care included a combination of Network Spinal Analysis, Torque Release Technique and diversified structural adjustments to correct vertebral subluxations over a six month period. We used visual analog scales, open-ended questions and selected items from the Self-Rated Health and Wellness Instrument to monitor health changes, as well as the positive improvements in quality of life as perceived by the patient himself.

Conclusion: This case study demonstrates that the correction of vertebral subluxations over an 11 month period was associated with significant improvements in the quality of life of the patient.

Chiropractic Care of a Battered Woman: A Case Study
Bedell L. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, July 20, 2006; 1-6

Objective: This case study documents the chiropractic care of battered woman struggling with Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Chiropractic offers battered women a unique service, it is the only profession trained and licensed to detect and correct vertebral subluxations. The relationship between the stresses of abuse and vertebral subluxation, as well as the subsequent changes during chiropractic care, are described.

Clinical Features: A Caucasian, 23-year old female presented with headaches, neck pain, and upper back pain. The initial complaint noted sharp, knife-like pains into the medial scapular borders, worse on the right side. Tingling extended into the right hand, most severe in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers.

Chiropractic care and outcome: Protocols of both Torque Release and Activator techniques were utilized to evaluate vertebral subluxations. Subjective quality of life issues were evaluated through a Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) Health Status Questionnaire. After commencing chiropractic care, this woman suffered a cervical spine hyper-extension/hyper-flexion type injury from an automobile accident. For the first 30 days after, adjustments were applied twice weekly. Acute exacerbations of symptoms unrelated to the original complaints were displayed and progress became irregular. During the next 60 days, there were various unexplained falls and severe flare-ups of painful symptoms, and she finally admitted to being battered by her husband. Referrals to counselors and programs dealing with domestic violence were provided. Once the physical battering stopped, consistent progress was noted in both clinical symptoms and quality of life issues.

Conclusion: As a battered woman must receive emotional and social support to improve her situation, it is important for chiropractors to recognize the “red flags” of IPV. Chiropractors re-evaluate regularly for changes in vertebral subluxation patterns and can recognize inconsistent responses. They may also be the first caregivers to offer a vitalistic approach; considering a woman’s physical, chemical, and emotional quality of life; a perspective that offers significant connection and trust. This article serves as a foundation on the topic of IPV and chiropractic, for use in both communities.

Wellness lifestyles II: Modeling the dynamic of wellness, health lifestyle practices, and Network Spinal Analysis.
Schuster TL, Dobson M, Jauregui M, Blanks RH. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. April 2004;10(2):357-67.
PMID: 15165417

OBJECTIVE: Empirical application of a theoretical framework linking use of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA; a holistic, wellness-oriented form of complementary and alternative medicine [CAM]), health lifestyle practices, and self-reported health and wellness. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-administered survey study. RESPONDENTS: Two thousand five hundred and ninety-six (2596) patients from 156 offices of doctors who were members of the Association for Network Chiropractic (currently titled Association for Network Care); estimated response rate was 69%. MEASURES: Exogenous variables entered into the structural equation model include gender, age, education, income, marital status, ailments, life change, and trauma. A wellness construct consisted of calculated difference scores between two referents, “presently” and “before Network” care, for self-reported items representing wellness domains of physical state, mental-emotional state, stress evaluation, and life enjoyment. Positive reported change in nine items assembled into dietary practices, health practices, and health risk dimensions serve as indicators of the construct of changes in health lifestyle practices. The NSA care construct consisted of duration of care in months, awareness of energy and awareness of breathing since beginning Network care. RESULTS: Of the exogenous variables only gender, age, and education remain in the final parsimonious structural equation model in these data. Reported wellness benefits accrue to individuals along a direct path from both self-reported positive lifestyle change (0.22), and from NSA care (0.43). The path (0.65) from NSA care to positive health lifestyle changes indicates that NSA care also has an indirect effect on wellness through changes in health lifestyle practices.

CONCLUSIONS: The Structural Equation model tested in these analyses lends support to our theoretical framework linking wellness, health lifestyles, and CAM. This study provides further evidence that our measurements of health and wellness are particularly appropriate for investigating wellness-oriented CAM. There is a positive relationship between the experience of NSA care and self-reported improvements in wellness as well as self-reported changes in lifestyle practices. NSA care users tend toward the practice of a positive health lifestyle, which also has a direct effect on reported improvements in wellness. These empirical links are discussed relative to the sociodemographic characteristics of this population and show that use of NSA care is an aspect of a wellness lifestyle.

Wellness lifestyles I: A theoretical framework linking wellness, health lifestyles, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Schuster TL, Dobson M, Jauregui M, Blanks RH. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. April 2004;10(2):349-56.
PMID: 15165416

Scholarship concerning complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices within the United States could benefit from incorporating sociological perspectives into the development of a comprehensive research agenda. We review the literature on health and wellness emphasizing definitions and distinctions, the health lifestyles literature emphasizing issues of both life choices and life chances, and studies of CAM suggesting utilization as an aspect of a wellness lifestyle. This review forms the foundation of a new theoretical framework for CAM research based on the interrelationship of CAM with health promotion, wellness, and health lifestyles. To date, few studies have sought to bring these various elements together into a single, comprehensive model that would enable an assessment of the complexity of individual health and wellness in the context of CAM. We argue that attention to literatures on health measurement and health lifestyles are essential for exploring the effectiveness and continuing use of CAM.

The Transition of Network Spinal Analysis Care: Hallmarks of a Client-Centered Wellness Education Multi-Component System of Health Care Delivery
Epstein D. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, April 5, 2004; 1-7

Network Spinal Analysis TM (NSA) care has been transitioned from a health care system with the objective of correction of two types of vertebral subluxation, to a multi-component system of health care delivery with emphasis on wellness education for participating clients. NSA care is now delivered and communicated in discrete Levels of Care with emphasis on client participation through self-evaluation. Emphasis on wellness education will be introduced into NSA practice through training via a Certificate Program currently under development. This paper considers some hallmarks that delineate a wellness education, patient (client)-centered practice. The concepts presented relative to this wellness model of health care delivery are believed to be applicable to any approach with similar practice objectives. The perspective presented considers that the major aspects of a patient-centered, wellness education health care delivery system is multi-dimensional. Hallmarks include differentiating terms, and establishing a wellness mentality. Substantiation of the discipline must be established through credible published research regarding its efficacy and safety as well as a consistent and valid means of measuring progressive outcomes derived from the care received. The relationship of NSA to other disciplines is discussed.

Successful In Vitro Fertilization in a Poor Responder While Under Network Spinal Analysis Care: A Case Report
Senzon SA. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, September 14, 2003; 1-6

Objective: This case report describes the successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) of a 34 year old female who had one previous aborted IVF attempt prior to Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care. This case report is being presented to add to other case reports that show positive physiological changes in patients receiving NSA care.

Clinical Features: The IVF was attempted due to her partner’s azoospermia. The first IVF attempt was on 3/26/02. The patient had a poor follicular growth after the standard hyper-stimulation process of the ovaries, including pre-treatment with Mircette (birth control pills) and 1mg/0.2ml of Lupron (a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist), and 3-6 amps of Gonal-F (a recombinant fsh) starting on cycle day 3. Her baseline day 3 estradiol and LH levels were only 21.2pg/me and 5.0 I.U./L respectively. On cycle day 8, estradiol was only 56% and LH was 6.6 I.U./L. The Gonal-F was increased to 6amps. This first attempt was canceled due to the poor follicle growth. Only 3-4 follicles of insufficient size between 10-14mm each were found.

Chiropractic Care and Outcomes: On 4/11/02, the patient commenced regular NSA care. The second IVF attempt began on 6/6/02. The change in IVF protocol was the addition of Repronex (also a gonadotropin a combination of LH and fsh). The total increased dose of Gonal-F and Repronex was 6amps, compared to the first attempt of only 3amps which was then increased to 6amps of Gonal-F only.

Conclusion: On the second IVF attempt, estradiol was 1001pg/ml on day 8, and 2019pg/ml on day 11, with LH at 9.3. The Oocyte retrieval after the second attempt was 10 eggs, each approximately 18mm. A successful aspiration of eggs was completed on 6/17/02, and a successful pregnancy followed. The patient is still under NSA care, and is now in her second trimester with normal fetal heart sounds. The possible role of NSA care in the vigorous follicular growth and other health benefits is discussed.

Insult, Interference and Infertility: An Overview of Chiropractic Research
Behrendt M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, May 2, 2003; 1

Objective: Infertility is distinct from sterility, implying potential, and therefore raises questions as to what insult or interference influences this sluggish outcome. Interference in physiological function, as viewed by the application of chiropractic principles, suggests a neurological etiology and is approached through the mechanism of detection of vertebral subluxation and subsequent appropriate and specific adjustments to promote potential and function. Parental health and wellness prior to conception influences reproductive success and sustainability, begging efficient, effective consideration and interpretation of overall state and any distortion. A discussion of diverse articles is presented, describing the response to chiropractic care among subluxated infertile women.

Clinical Features: Fourteen retrospective articles are referenced, their diversity includes: all 15 subjects are female, ages 22-65; prior pregnancy history revealed 11 none, 2 successful unassisted, 1 assisted, 1 history of miscarriage. 9 had previous treatment for infertility, 4 were undergoing infertility treatment when starting chiropractic care. Presenting concerns included: severe low back pain, neck pain, colitis, diabetes, and female dysfunction such as absent or irregular menstrual cycle, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, infertility, perimenopause and the fertility window within a religiousbased lifestyle, and a poor responder undergoing multiple cycles of IVF.

Chiropractic Care and Outcome: Outcomes of chiropractic care include but are not limited to benefits regarding neuromuscular concerns, as both historical and modern research describe associations with possible increased physiological functions, in this instance reproductive function. Chiropractic care and outcome are discussed, based on protocols of a variety of arts, including Applied Kinesiology (A.K.), Diversified, Directional Non-Force Technique (D.N.F.T.), Gonstead, Network Spinal Analysis (N.S.A.), Torque Release Technique (T.R.T.), Sacro Occipital Technique (S.O.T.) and Stucky-Thompson Terminal Point Technique. Care is described over a time frame of 1 to 20 months.

Conclusion: The application of chiropractic care and subsequent successful outcomes on reproductive integrity, regardless of factors including age, history and medical intervention, are described through a diversity of chiropractic arts. Future studies that may evaluate more formally and on a larger scale, the effectiveness, safety and cost benefits of chiropractic care on both well-being and physiological function are suggested, as well as pursuit of appropriate funding.

Chaotic Modeling in Network Spinal Analysis: Nonlinear Canonical Correlation with Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE): A Preliminary Report
Bohacek S, Jonckheere E. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, December 1998; 2(4): 188-195

Abstract – This paper presents a preliminary non-linear mathematical analysis of surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from a subject receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA).The unfiltered sEMG data was collected over a bandwidth of 10-500 Hz and stored on a PC compatible computer. Electrodes were placed at the level of C1/C2,T6, L5, and S2 and voltage signals were recorded during the periods in which the patient was experiencing the “somatopsychic” wave, characteristic of NSA care. The intent of the preliminary study was to initiate mathematical characterization of the wave phenomenon relative to its “chaotic,” and/or nonlinear nature. In the present study the linear and nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analyses (CCA) have been used. The latter, nonlinear CCA, is coupled to specific implementation referred to as Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE). Preliminary findings obtained by comparing canonical correlation coefficients (CCC’s) indicate that the ACE nonlinear functions of the sEMG waveform data lead to a smaller expected prediction error than if linear functions are used. In particular, the preliminary observations of larger nonlinear CCC’s compared to linear CCC’s indicate that there is some nonlinearity in the data representing the “somatopsychic” waveform. Further analysis of linear and nonlinear predictors indicates that 4th order nonlinear predictors perform 20 % better than linear predictors, and 10th order nonlinear predictors perform 30% better than linear predictors.This suggests that the waveform possesses a nonlinear “attractor” with a dimension between 4 and 10. Continued refinement of the ACE algorithm to allow for detection of more nonlinear distortions is expected to further clarify the extent to which the sEMG signal associated with the “somatopsychic” waveform of NSA is differentiated as nonlinear as opposed to random.

Reduction of Psoriasis in a Patient under Network Spinal Analysis Care: A Case Report
Behrendt M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, December 1998; 2(4): 196-200

This case report describes the progress of a 52 year old male with chronic psoriasis, first diagnosed in April of 1992. After the condition exacerbated over a five year period, he was placed on 12.5 mg/week methotrexate, and oral immunosuppressant medication in October of 1997.After commencing the medication, the condition reduced from 6% body coverage, with flares of 15-20%, to a body coverage of 5%. Following a cessation of the oral medication in February, 1998, the condition recurred at the previous uncontrolled level within one month. The patient was again placed on 12.5 mg/week methotrexate, and subsequently the condition reduced to 5% body coverage. The patient’s dose was reduced to 10 mg/week, and later to 7.5 mg/week, with the psoriasis remaining at 5% coverage. On 5/18/98, the patient commenced regular NSA care. He reported a reduction in the psoriasis condition on 6/3/98, and was taken off the oral medication on 6/25/98. The reduction continued, and the patient was advised by his medical physician on 7/01/98 to continue the cessation of oral medication. As of 9/30/98 the psoriasis had decreased to 0.5% to 1.0 % of coverage, and prior plans to initiate ultraviolet-A therapy were canceled. As of 11/98, a five month period since cessation of methotrexate, the patient has remained under regular NSA care, with no recurrence of psoriasis body coverage greater than 1%, the only medication being a topical ointment. This is contrasted to the recurrence after one month, following the patient’s first cessation of methotrexate, and prior to NSA care. The possible role of NSA care in the reduction of the patient’s psoriasis, and other health benefits is discussed.

Changes in Digital Skin Temperature, Surface Electromyography, and Electrodermal Activity in Subjects Receiving Network Spinal Analysis Care
Miller E, Redmond P. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, June 1998; 2(2): 87-95

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate changes in digital skin temperature (DST), surface electromyography (sEMG), and electrodermal activity (EDA) in a group of twenty subjects receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care. Data, simultaneously derived from all three parameters, were considered to be indirect correlates of sympathetic nervous system activity. Subjects, including a group of five controls, were assessed for a period of 17 minutes. The continuous assessment period included a baseline interval of 4.5 minutes, followed by a 12.5 minute period which was divided into five 2.5 minute intervals. Care was administered to the NSA recipient group immediately after the baseline period, whereas controls received no intervention following baseline. Results revealed no significant differences in DST either within or between the two groups. Surface EMG readings were relatively constant over the five intervals following baseline in the NSA group, while controls showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in sEMG at the second through fifth intervals relative to the first interval following baseline activity. Electrodermal activity was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the NSA group in the second through fifth intervals compared to baseline. Moreover, decreases varied between intervals, but exhibited a leveling from the third through fifth interval. Control subjects, alternatively, exhibited an increase in EDA in all intervals following baseline. The extent of increase resulted in EDA activity significantly greater than the NSA group at the third through fifth intervals. It was concluded that the increase in EMG activity in the control groups may have reflected an increasing level of anxiety due to the duration of the recording period. Since the NSA group expressed constancy in sEMG activity during the same period, coupled to significant decreases in EDA, a “sympathetic quieting effect” was postulated to occur in subjects receiving NSA care. This conclusion is consistent with hypothesized neurological pathways linked to responses observed during NSA care, as well as other reports of self-reported improvements in mental/emotional state and stress reduction in patients receiving Network Chiropractic Care.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: About the Cover
Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1998; 2(1): Cover

About the Cover: Functional Magnetic resonance Imaging (fMRI), which measures the relative presence of oxy-hemoglobin, has gained attention as a non-invasive medium through which high resolution images of the brain and other tissue may be acquired. This technology may provide a useful assessment of cortical changes following chiropractic intervention. Images of the patient depicted on the cover, on the left, reflect cortical activity (lighted areas in the parietal cortex, frontal cortex areas 9, 10; visual association areas 19, 37, and 39) associated with the learning process of a “novel” muscular maneuver of the foot. Images on the right reflect cortical activity following a Network Spinal Analysis (form of chiropractic) adjustment session, taken approximately 20 minutes after the first set of images, involving the same activity. The decrease in “lighted” areas before and after the adjustment session suggests that less cortical “planning” or “activity” is associated with the “novel” foot maneuver. Thus, the ability of fMRI to visualize changes in cortical activity may play a significant role in elucidating the consequences of vertebral subluxation correction on neurological function.

An Impairment Rating Analysis Of Asthmatic Children Under Chiropractic Care
Graham R, Pistolese R. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(4): 41-48

A self-reported asthma-related impairment study was conducted on 81 children under chiropractic care. The intent of this study was to quantify self-reported changes in impairment experienced by the pediatric asthmatic subjects, before and after a two month period under chiropractic care. Practitioners, representing a general range of six different approaches to vertebral subluxation correction, administered a specifically designed asthma impairment questionnaire at the appropriate intervals. Subjects were categorized into two groups; 1-10 years and 11-17 years. Parents/guardians completed questionnaires for the younger group, while the older subjects self-reported their perceptions of impairment. Significantly lower impairment rating scores (improvement) were reported for 90.1% of subjects 60 days after chiropractic care when compared to the pre-chiropractic scores (p < 0.05) with an effect size of 0.96. As well, there were no significant differences across the age groups based on parent/guardian versus self rated scores. Girls reported higher (less improvement) before and after care compared to boys, although significant decreases in impairment ratings were reported for each gender. This suggested a greater clinical effect for boys which was supported by effect sizes ranging from 1.2 for boys compared to 0.75 for girls. Additionally, 25 of 81 subjects (30.9%) chose to voluntarily decrease their dosage of medication by an average of 66.5% while under chiropractic care. Moreover, information collected from patients revealed that among 24 patients reporting asthma “attacks” in the 30 day period prior to the study, the number of “attacks” decreased significantly by an average of 44.9% (p <.05). Based on the data obtained in this study, it was concluded that chiropractic care, for correction of vertebral subluxation, is a safe nonpharmacologic health care approach which may also be associated with significant decreases in asthma related impairment as well as a decreased incidence of asthmatic “attacks.” The findings suggest that chiropractic care should be further investigated relative to providing the most efficacious care management regimen for pediatric asthmatics.

[Note: NSA care was one of the chiropractic approaches used in this study supported by the Michigan Chiropractic Council]

A Retrospective Assessment of Network Care Using a Survey of Self-Rated Health, Wellness and Quality of Life
Blanks RH, Schuster TL, Dobson M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(4): 15-31

The present study represents a retrospective characterization of Network Care, a health care discipline within the subluxation-based chiropractic model. Data were obtained from 156 Network offices (49% practitioner participation rate) in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Puerto Rico. Sociodemographic characterization of 2818 respondents, representing a 67-71% response rate, revealed a population predominately white, female, well-educated, professional, or white collar workers. A second objective of the study included the development and initial validation of a new health survey instrument. The instrument was specifically designed to assess wellness through patients’ self-rating different health domains and overall quality of life at two “time” points: “presently” and retrospectively, recalling their status before initiating care (“before Network”). Statistical evaluation employing Chronbach’s alpha and theta coefficients derived from principle components factor analyses, indicated a high level of internal reliability in regard to the survey instrument, as well as stable reliability of the retrospective recall method of self-rated perceptions of change as a function of duration of care. Results indicated that patients reported significant, positive perceived change (p < 0.000) in all four domains of health, as well as overall quality of life. Effect sizes for these difference scores were all large (>0.9). Wellness was assessed by summing the scores for the four health domains into a combined wellness scale, and comparing this combined scale “presently” and “before Network.” The difference, or “wellness coefficient” spanning a range of -1 to +1, with zero representing no change, showed positive, progressive increases over the duration of care intervals ranging from 1-3 months to over three years. The evidence of improved health in the four domains (physical state, mental/emotional state, stress evaluation, life enjoyment), overall quality of life from a standardized index, and the “wellness coefficient,” suggests that Network Care is associated with significant benefits. These benefits are evident from as early as 1-3 months under care, and appear to show continuing clinical improvements in the duration of care intervals studied, with no indication of a maximum clinical benefit. These findings are being further evaluated through longitudinal studies of current populations under care in combination with investigation of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying its effects.

Network Spinal Analysis: A System of Health Care Delivery Within the Subluxation-Based Chiropractic Model
Epstein, D. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, August 1996; 1(1): 51-59

The theoretical basis and clinical application of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) is described. NSA delivers health care within the subluxation-based chiropractic model and seeks to contribute to the distinction of the various techniques and methods within the profession by describing and discussing its major characteristics. In this regard, clinical observations relative to the application of the Network Protocol have been described in relation to the monitoring of patient and practitioner outcomes. Relevant research from a separate Network Care retrospective study, which impacts on its characterization, profiles the patient population as predominantly female. Other data indicates that Network Care is widely and consistently practiced. Additionally, patients report significant, positive changes in health-related quality of life measures linked to certain clinical components of Network Care.
 

Visualization of a stationary CPG-revealing spinal wave* (Abstract from research at the University of Southern California, Professor Edmond Jonchkeere, et al.) 

Program of MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 14 – ACCELERATING CHANGE IN HEALTH CARE: NEXT MEDICAL TOOLKIT* conference where Professor Jonchkeere will present a paper on the NSA Somatopsychic Wave (Prof. Jonckheere’s presentation is scheduled on pg. 20)

Paper Presentation accepted at the International Society of Quality of Life Research Conference in Prague, Czech Republic Nov. 12-15th, 2003 

Read the latest research articles on Surface Electromyography in Network Spinal Analysis™ (In order to view the files below, it is necessary that you have Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you do not have this please Click Here to download your free copy now.)

• Dynamic Modeling of Spinal Electromyographic activity during various conditions
• Nonlinear Switching Dynamics in Surface Electromyography of the Spine 

This research, which involves human subjects, has been approved by the University Park Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Southern California

Network Spinal Analysis™: A Research Perspective

Statement of Efficacy

The Case Report 

Health & Wellness Quality of Life Questionnaire (Adobe Acrobat Reader Required)
(Questionnaire available to download free of charge courtesy of the Association for Network Care)

For more information on Network Spinal Analysis™  Research please visit the Association For Network Care website at www.associationfornetworkcare.com

Network Spinal Analysis is a gentle and extremely effective style of chiropractic care used to evaluate and adjust the spine. The purpose of NSA is to allow restoration of proper nerve function for full health and peak performance. 

Network Spinal Analysis is a chiropractic technique developed in America in the early 80’s by Dr Donald Epstein. Network Spinal Analysis utilises light touches, specific body contacts and body positioning to develop breathing and body oscillations (or waves) that dissipate stored tension. NSA allows your body to develop new strategies to release this tension on its own. This promotes the clarity and flexibility a body needs to adapt to the challenges of our busy lives. 

How Does NSA Work?  

The spinal cord, in addition to being an electrical system, also conducts information through oscillation, or wave-like motion. Like an overstretched rubber band, the spinal cord tissues oscillate at a higher frequency, or “phase”, when they are under tension. As every cell of the body is connected via an elaborate nerve network to the spinal cord, any change in tension of the spinal cord affects the function of every cell in the body… all 75-100 trillion of them!   

From this, we found that most tension in the vertebra of the spine was secondary to tension patterns from the spinal cord. The stress of having too much to do and not enough time to do it is epidemic in our culture. Consistently high stress levels freeze the body in a “fight or flight” mode, tightening muscles, rounding shoulders, making breathing shallow, and limiting blood and oxygen to the parts of your brain responsible for relaxation, revitalization, creativity, and growth.   We find that a busy life is typically not the problem. The problem is an inability to shift gears and “unhook” from the stress-causing factors that are overwhelming you.
That’s why, instead of trying to mechanically adjust or align the spine through manipulation of the vertebra, a Network Chiropractor seeks to understand the physical, emotional, and mental factors related to the tension pattern and then find the specific points on the spine that will help the body resolve its tension using the exact amount of pressure that cues the brain from stress into ease. No twisting, popping, or cracking is necessary. 

The Network Chiropractor is using the principle of leverage. This is when they make the light gentle adjustments. The idea is like moving huge boulder without having to use a great deal of force if you use the leverage of a tree branch.
Putting the lever in the exact right place, at the right time with the right amount of light force, you can easily move the boulder. Likewise, Network Chiropractors are trained during post-graduate courses on Network Spinal Analysis to know the exact leverage point and manoeuvres to utilise on the spine to release tension to allow the body to find equilibrium. 

What scientific evidence do you have that your method works? 

NSA is one of the most researched methods in chiropractic. Network Spinal Analysis™ has been the subject of academic study, research and publication for its unprecedented effect in wellness and quality of life, adaptability to stress, enhanced life enjoyment, facilitation of constructive lifestyle changes. Also studies are being conducted as to its influence on the advancement and evolution of the nervous system’s strategies for self-organization.
A retrospective study of nearly 3,000 people through the University of California Irvine Medical College documented significant improvements in quality of life in the majority of people receiving Network Chiropractic care. 

The wave patterns that occur during a Network entrainment are the focus of University of Southern California mathematician professor Edmund Jonckheere, who is currently studying the relationship between these wave patterns and the energy-efficiency and adaptability of the nervous system.   

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine featured the evolving paradigm that contains NSA and SRI, called Reorganizational Healing, in May ’09. 

NSA Sessions 

The adjustments are made along the spine and are as gentle as the pressure that you could comfortably apply to your closed eyelid. 

• You keep your clothes on (except your shoes) during a session.
• Sessions last about 30-40 minutes.
• The therapy is not painful, although the bodily sensations can be surprising and emotional releases during sessions are common.
• Practitioners evaluate the client’s progress based on his or her self-reported experience.

Benefits of NSA 

Research has shown that as a spine, body and nervous system becomes healthier, physical wellbeing improves to provide more spinal flexibility, diminished symptoms and a greater ability to cope, developing an internal sense of wellness regardless of circumstances.
Examples of further additional benefits reported include: 

• Less physical pain
• Less tension or stiffness of the spine
• Greater flexibility
• Reduced allergies, eczema, asthma
• Fewer colds flu & headaches
• Less menstrual discomfort
• Improved response to stress
• Improved mental/emotional state
• Improved life enjoyment
• Improved overall quality of life

Basic care typically lasts 6 to 8 weeks, with 2 to 3 sessions per week. At the end of this period, clients generally report better body awareness, stronger spinal movement, and relief from discomfort and more ease in releasing tension.
After basic care sessions, you can choose to continue with treatment and enjoy wellness 

Network Spinal Analysis Research

The following is a list of peer-reviewed publications involving Network Spinal Analysis Care. Further information regarding Network Spinal Analysis Research currently in process or programs where information on Network Spinal Analysis Research has been presented is available at www.associationfornetworkcare.com

Improvement in Attention in Patients Undergoing Network Spinal Analysis: A Case Series Using Objective Measures of Attention
Pauli Y. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, August 23, 2007; 1-9

Objective: Anecdotal preliminary evidence suggests that chiropractic care may be of benefits for individuals suffering from ADHD. This case series presents the improvement in attention experienced by 9 adult patients undergoing Network Spinal Analysis.

Methods: Nine adult patients are presented (4 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 40.4 years (range 22 – 58 years old). All patients were evaluated with the Test of Variable of Attention (TOVA) before receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care and at 2 months into care. The nine patients received level 1 NSA care for two months, as taught by the Association for Network Care. Neurospinal integrity was evaluated with palpation, as well as surface electromyography. Cognitive process of attention was objectively evaluated using a continuous performance test, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA).

Results: We evaluated our patient cohort before and after Network care using sEMG and variables from the continuous performance test (TOVA). Before care, all patients had an abnormal ADHD score with a mean of -3.74 (range: – 8.54 to -1.89). After 2 months of care, all patients had a significant change in ADHD score (p=0.08) and 88% completely normalized the ADHD score. 77% and 66% of patients experienced significant change in reaction time and variability score, respectively. All patients experienced a significant reduction in sEMG pattern of activation (p=0.08). We discuss possible mechanisms by which spinal care may have enhanced the function of the prefrontal cortex, thereby resulting in improved attentional capacities

Conclusion: In this case series the nine adult patients experienced significant improvement in attention, as measured by objective outcomes, after receiving two months of Network Spinal Analysis. The progress documented in this report suggests that NSA care may positively affect the brain by creating plastic changes in the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical areas serving as neural substrate for the cognitive process of attention. These findings may be of importance for individuals suffering from attention deficit. Further research into this area is greatly needed.

Quality of Life Improvements and Spontaneous Lifestyle Changes in a Patient Undergoing Subluxation-Centered Chiropractic Care: A Case Study
Pauli Y. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, October 11, 2006; 1-15

Purpose of Study: This case study is to report the improvement in quality of life experienced by a patient undergoing subluxation-centered chiropractic care.

Clinical Features: A 36 year old male presented with primary health concerns of stress, eye pain and left leg pain of 14 years duration radiating to the foot and secondary complaints of gastritis, ulcers, nervousness, depression, lack of concentration and general loss of interest in daily life. The patient also smokes, does not exercise, eats a sub-optimal diet and rated his family and friends support, as well as job satisfaction as sufficient.

Intervention and Outcome: We discuss the various analyses employed to evaluate vertebral subluxations, including paraspinal surface electromyography and thermography. Adjustive care included a combination of Network Spinal Analysis, Torque Release Technique and diversified structural adjustments to correct vertebral subluxations over a six month period. We used visual analog scales, open-ended questions and selected items from the Self-Rated Health and Wellness Instrument to monitor health changes, as well as the positive improvements in quality of life as perceived by the patient himself.

Conclusion: This case study demonstrates that the correction of vertebral subluxations over an 11 month period was associated with significant improvements in the quality of life of the patient.

Chiropractic Care of a Battered Woman: A Case Study
Bedell L. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, July 20, 2006; 1-6

Objective: This case study documents the chiropractic care of battered woman struggling with Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Chiropractic offers battered women a unique service, it is the only profession trained and licensed to detect and correct vertebral subluxations. The relationship between the stresses of abuse and vertebral subluxation, as well as the subsequent changes during chiropractic care, are described.

Clinical Features: A Caucasian, 23-year old female presented with headaches, neck pain, and upper back pain. The initial complaint noted sharp, knife-like pains into the medial scapular borders, worse on the right side. Tingling extended into the right hand, most severe in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers.

Chiropractic care and outcome: Protocols of both Torque Release and Activator techniques were utilized to evaluate vertebral subluxations. Subjective quality of life issues were evaluated through a Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) Health Status Questionnaire. After commencing chiropractic care, this woman suffered a cervical spine hyper-extension/hyper-flexion type injury from an automobile accident. For the first 30 days after, adjustments were applied twice weekly. Acute exacerbations of symptoms unrelated to the original complaints were displayed and progress became irregular. During the next 60 days, there were various unexplained falls and severe flare-ups of painful symptoms, and she finally admitted to being battered by her husband. Referrals to counselors and programs dealing with domestic violence were provided. Once the physical battering stopped, consistent progress was noted in both clinical symptoms and quality of life issues.

Conclusion: As a battered woman must receive emotional and social support to improve her situation, it is important for chiropractors to recognize the “red flags” of IPV. Chiropractors re-evaluate regularly for changes in vertebral subluxation patterns and can recognize inconsistent responses. They may also be the first caregivers to offer a vitalistic approach; considering a woman’s physical, chemical, and emotional quality of life; a perspective that offers significant connection and trust. This article serves as a foundation on the topic of IPV and chiropractic, for use in both communities.

Wellness lifestyles II: Modeling the dynamic of wellness, health lifestyle practices, and Network Spinal Analysis.
Schuster TL, Dobson M, Jauregui M, Blanks RH. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. April 2004;10(2):357-67.
PMID: 15165417

OBJECTIVE: Empirical application of a theoretical framework linking use of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA; a holistic, wellness-oriented form of complementary and alternative medicine [CAM]), health lifestyle practices, and self-reported health and wellness. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-administered survey study. RESPONDENTS: Two thousand five hundred and ninety-six (2596) patients from 156 offices of doctors who were members of the Association for Network Chiropractic (currently titled Association for Network Care); estimated response rate was 69%. MEASURES: Exogenous variables entered into the structural equation model include gender, age, education, income, marital status, ailments, life change, and trauma. A wellness construct consisted of calculated difference scores between two referents, “presently” and “before Network” care, for self-reported items representing wellness domains of physical state, mental-emotional state, stress evaluation, and life enjoyment. Positive reported change in nine items assembled into dietary practices, health practices, and health risk dimensions serve as indicators of the construct of changes in health lifestyle practices. The NSA care construct consisted of duration of care in months, awareness of energy and awareness of breathing since beginning Network care. RESULTS: Of the exogenous variables only gender, age, and education remain in the final parsimonious structural equation model in these data. Reported wellness benefits accrue to individuals along a direct path from both self-reported positive lifestyle change (0.22), and from NSA care (0.43). The path (0.65) from NSA care to positive health lifestyle changes indicates that NSA care also has an indirect effect on wellness through changes in health lifestyle practices.

CONCLUSIONS: The Structural Equation model tested in these analyses lends support to our theoretical framework linking wellness, health lifestyles, and CAM. This study provides further evidence that our measurements of health and wellness are particularly appropriate for investigating wellness-oriented CAM. There is a positive relationship between the experience of NSA care and self-reported improvements in wellness as well as self-reported changes in lifestyle practices. NSA care users tend toward the practice of a positive health lifestyle, which also has a direct effect on reported improvements in wellness. These empirical links are discussed relative to the sociodemographic characteristics of this population and show that use of NSA care is an aspect of a wellness lifestyle.

Wellness lifestyles I: A theoretical framework linking wellness, health lifestyles, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Schuster TL, Dobson M, Jauregui M, Blanks RH. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine. April 2004;10(2):349-56.
PMID: 15165416

Scholarship concerning complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices within the United States could benefit from incorporating sociological perspectives into the development of a comprehensive research agenda. We review the literature on health and wellness emphasizing definitions and distinctions, the health lifestyles literature emphasizing issues of both life choices and life chances, and studies of CAM suggesting utilization as an aspect of a wellness lifestyle. This review forms the foundation of a new theoretical framework for CAM research based on the interrelationship of CAM with health promotion, wellness, and health lifestyles. To date, few studies have sought to bring these various elements together into a single, comprehensive model that would enable an assessment of the complexity of individual health and wellness in the context of CAM. We argue that attention to literatures on health measurement and health lifestyles are essential for exploring the effectiveness and continuing use of CAM.

The Transition of Network Spinal Analysis Care: Hallmarks of a Client-Centered Wellness Education Multi-Component System of Health Care Delivery
Epstein D. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, April 5, 2004; 1-7

Network Spinal Analysis TM (NSA) care has been transitioned from a health care system with the objective of correction of two types of vertebral subluxation, to a multi-component system of health care delivery with emphasis on wellness education for participating clients. NSA care is now delivered and communicated in discrete Levels of Care with emphasis on client participation through self-evaluation. Emphasis on wellness education will be introduced into NSA practice through training via a Certificate Program currently under development. This paper considers some hallmarks that delineate a wellness education, patient (client)-centered practice. The concepts presented relative to this wellness model of health care delivery are believed to be applicable to any approach with similar practice objectives. The perspective presented considers that the major aspects of a patient-centered, wellness education health care delivery system is multi-dimensional. Hallmarks include differentiating terms, and establishing a wellness mentality. Substantiation of the discipline must be established through credible published research regarding its efficacy and safety as well as a consistent and valid means of measuring progressive outcomes derived from the care received. The relationship of NSA to other disciplines is discussed.

Successful In Vitro Fertilization in a Poor Responder While Under Network Spinal Analysis Care: A Case Report
Senzon SA. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, September 14, 2003; 1-6

Objective: This case report describes the successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) of a 34 year old female who had one previous aborted IVF attempt prior to Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care. This case report is being presented to add to other case reports that show positive physiological changes in patients receiving NSA care.

Clinical Features: The IVF was attempted due to her partner’s azoospermia. The first IVF attempt was on 3/26/02. The patient had a poor follicular growth after the standard hyper-stimulation process of the ovaries, including pre-treatment with Mircette (birth control pills) and 1mg/0.2ml of Lupron (a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist), and 3-6 amps of Gonal-F (a recombinant fsh) starting on cycle day 3. Her baseline day 3 estradiol and LH levels were only 21.2pg/me and 5.0 I.U./L respectively. On cycle day 8, estradiol was only 56% and LH was 6.6 I.U./L. The Gonal-F was increased to 6amps. This first attempt was canceled due to the poor follicle growth. Only 3-4 follicles of insufficient size between 10-14mm each were found.

Chiropractic Care and Outcomes: On 4/11/02, the patient commenced regular NSA care. The second IVF attempt began on 6/6/02. The change in IVF protocol was the addition of Repronex (also a gonadotropin a combination of LH and fsh). The total increased dose of Gonal-F and Repronex was 6amps, compared to the first attempt of only 3amps which was then increased to 6amps of Gonal-F only.

Conclusion: On the second IVF attempt, estradiol was 1001pg/ml on day 8, and 2019pg/ml on day 11, with LH at 9.3. The Oocyte retrieval after the second attempt was 10 eggs, each approximately 18mm. A successful aspiration of eggs was completed on 6/17/02, and a successful pregnancy followed. The patient is still under NSA care, and is now in her second trimester with normal fetal heart sounds. The possible role of NSA care in the vigorous follicular growth and other health benefits is discussed.

Insult, Interference and Infertility: An Overview of Chiropractic Research
Behrendt M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, May 2, 2003; 1

Objective: Infertility is distinct from sterility, implying potential, and therefore raises questions as to what insult or interference influences this sluggish outcome. Interference in physiological function, as viewed by the application of chiropractic principles, suggests a neurological etiology and is approached through the mechanism of detection of vertebral subluxation and subsequent appropriate and specific adjustments to promote potential and function. Parental health and wellness prior to conception influences reproductive success and sustainability, begging efficient, effective consideration and interpretation of overall state and any distortion. A discussion of diverse articles is presented, describing the response to chiropractic care among subluxated infertile women.

Clinical Features: Fourteen retrospective articles are referenced, their diversity includes: all 15 subjects are female, ages 22-65; prior pregnancy history revealed 11 none, 2 successful unassisted, 1 assisted, 1 history of miscarriage. 9 had previous treatment for infertility, 4 were undergoing infertility treatment when starting chiropractic care. Presenting concerns included: severe low back pain, neck pain, colitis, diabetes, and female dysfunction such as absent or irregular menstrual cycle, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, infertility, perimenopause and the fertility window within a religiousbased lifestyle, and a poor responder undergoing multiple cycles of IVF.

Chiropractic Care and Outcome: Outcomes of chiropractic care include but are not limited to benefits regarding neuromuscular concerns, as both historical and modern research describe associations with possible increased physiological functions, in this instance reproductive function. Chiropractic care and outcome are discussed, based on protocols of a variety of arts, including Applied Kinesiology (A.K.), Diversified, Directional Non-Force Technique (D.N.F.T.), Gonstead, Network Spinal Analysis (N.S.A.), Torque Release Technique (T.R.T.), Sacro Occipital Technique (S.O.T.) and Stucky-Thompson Terminal Point Technique. Care is described over a time frame of 1 to 20 months.

Conclusion: The application of chiropractic care and subsequent successful outcomes on reproductive integrity, regardless of factors including age, history and medical intervention, are described through a diversity of chiropractic arts. Future studies that may evaluate more formally and on a larger scale, the effectiveness, safety and cost benefits of chiropractic care on both well-being and physiological function are suggested, as well as pursuit of appropriate funding.

Chaotic Modeling in Network Spinal Analysis: Nonlinear Canonical Correlation with Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE): A Preliminary Report
Bohacek S, Jonckheere E. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, December 1998; 2(4): 188-195

Abstract – This paper presents a preliminary non-linear mathematical analysis of surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from a subject receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA).The unfiltered sEMG data was collected over a bandwidth of 10-500 Hz and stored on a PC compatible computer. Electrodes were placed at the level of C1/C2,T6, L5, and S2 and voltage signals were recorded during the periods in which the patient was experiencing the “somatopsychic” wave, characteristic of NSA care. The intent of the preliminary study was to initiate mathematical characterization of the wave phenomenon relative to its “chaotic,” and/or nonlinear nature. In the present study the linear and nonlinear Canonical Correlation Analyses (CCA) have been used. The latter, nonlinear CCA, is coupled to specific implementation referred to as Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE). Preliminary findings obtained by comparing canonical correlation coefficients (CCC’s) indicate that the ACE nonlinear functions of the sEMG waveform data lead to a smaller expected prediction error than if linear functions are used. In particular, the preliminary observations of larger nonlinear CCC’s compared to linear CCC’s indicate that there is some nonlinearity in the data representing the “somatopsychic” waveform. Further analysis of linear and nonlinear predictors indicates that 4th order nonlinear predictors perform 20 % better than linear predictors, and 10th order nonlinear predictors perform 30% better than linear predictors.This suggests that the waveform possesses a nonlinear “attractor” with a dimension between 4 and 10. Continued refinement of the ACE algorithm to allow for detection of more nonlinear distortions is expected to further clarify the extent to which the sEMG signal associated with the “somatopsychic” waveform of NSA is differentiated as nonlinear as opposed to random.

Reduction of Psoriasis in a Patient under Network Spinal Analysis Care: A Case Report
Behrendt M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, December 1998; 2(4): 196-200

This case report describes the progress of a 52 year old male with chronic psoriasis, first diagnosed in April of 1992. After the condition exacerbated over a five year period, he was placed on 12.5 mg/week methotrexate, and oral immunosuppressant medication in October of 1997.After commencing the medication, the condition reduced from 6% body coverage, with flares of 15-20%, to a body coverage of 5%. Following a cessation of the oral medication in February, 1998, the condition recurred at the previous uncontrolled level within one month. The patient was again placed on 12.5 mg/week methotrexate, and subsequently the condition reduced to 5% body coverage. The patient’s dose was reduced to 10 mg/week, and later to 7.5 mg/week, with the psoriasis remaining at 5% coverage. On 5/18/98, the patient commenced regular NSA care. He reported a reduction in the psoriasis condition on 6/3/98, and was taken off the oral medication on 6/25/98. The reduction continued, and the patient was advised by his medical physician on 7/01/98 to continue the cessation of oral medication. As of 9/30/98 the psoriasis had decreased to 0.5% to 1.0 % of coverage, and prior plans to initiate ultraviolet-A therapy were canceled. As of 11/98, a five month period since cessation of methotrexate, the patient has remained under regular NSA care, with no recurrence of psoriasis body coverage greater than 1%, the only medication being a topical ointment. This is contrasted to the recurrence after one month, following the patient’s first cessation of methotrexate, and prior to NSA care. The possible role of NSA care in the reduction of the patient’s psoriasis, and other health benefits is discussed.

Changes in Digital Skin Temperature, Surface Electromyography, and Electrodermal Activity in Subjects Receiving Network Spinal Analysis Care
Miller E, Redmond P. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, June 1998; 2(2): 87-95

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate changes in digital skin temperature (DST), surface electromyography (sEMG), and electrodermal activity (EDA) in a group of twenty subjects receiving Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) care. Data, simultaneously derived from all three parameters, were considered to be indirect correlates of sympathetic nervous system activity. Subjects, including a group of five controls, were assessed for a period of 17 minutes. The continuous assessment period included a baseline interval of 4.5 minutes, followed by a 12.5 minute period which was divided into five 2.5 minute intervals. Care was administered to the NSA recipient group immediately after the baseline period, whereas controls received no intervention following baseline. Results revealed no significant differences in DST either within or between the two groups. Surface EMG readings were relatively constant over the five intervals following baseline in the NSA group, while controls showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in sEMG at the second through fifth intervals relative to the first interval following baseline activity. Electrodermal activity was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the NSA group in the second through fifth intervals compared to baseline. Moreover, decreases varied between intervals, but exhibited a leveling from the third through fifth interval. Control subjects, alternatively, exhibited an increase in EDA in all intervals following baseline. The extent of increase resulted in EDA activity significantly greater than the NSA group at the third through fifth intervals. It was concluded that the increase in EMG activity in the control groups may have reflected an increasing level of anxiety due to the duration of the recording period. Since the NSA group expressed constancy in sEMG activity during the same period, coupled to significant decreases in EDA, a “sympathetic quieting effect” was postulated to occur in subjects receiving NSA care. This conclusion is consistent with hypothesized neurological pathways linked to responses observed during NSA care, as well as other reports of self-reported improvements in mental/emotional state and stress reduction in patients receiving Network Chiropractic Care.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: About the Cover
Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1998; 2(1): Cover

About the Cover: Functional Magnetic resonance Imaging (fMRI), which measures the relative presence of oxy-hemoglobin, has gained attention as a non-invasive medium through which high resolution images of the brain and other tissue may be acquired. This technology may provide a useful assessment of cortical changes following chiropractic intervention. Images of the patient depicted on the cover, on the left, reflect cortical activity (lighted areas in the parietal cortex, frontal cortex areas 9, 10; visual association areas 19, 37, and 39) associated with the learning process of a “novel” muscular maneuver of the foot. Images on the right reflect cortical activity following a Network Spinal Analysis (form of chiropractic) adjustment session, taken approximately 20 minutes after the first set of images, involving the same activity. The decrease in “lighted” areas before and after the adjustment session suggests that less cortical “planning” or “activity” is associated with the “novel” foot maneuver. Thus, the ability of fMRI to visualize changes in cortical activity may play a significant role in elucidating the consequences of vertebral subluxation correction on neurological function.

An Impairment Rating Analysis Of Asthmatic Children Under Chiropractic Care
Graham R, Pistolese R. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(4): 41-48

A self-reported asthma-related impairment study was conducted on 81 children under chiropractic care. The intent of this study was to quantify self-reported changes in impairment experienced by the pediatric asthmatic subjects, before and after a two month period under chiropractic care. Practitioners, representing a general range of six different approaches to vertebral subluxation correction, administered a specifically designed asthma impairment questionnaire at the appropriate intervals. Subjects were categorized into two groups; 1-10 years and 11-17 years. Parents/guardians completed questionnaires for the younger group, while the older subjects self-reported their perceptions of impairment. Significantly lower impairment rating scores (improvement) were reported for 90.1% of subjects 60 days after chiropractic care when compared to the pre-chiropractic scores (p < 0.05) with an effect size of 0.96. As well, there were no significant differences across the age groups based on parent/guardian versus self rated scores. Girls reported higher (less improvement) before and after care compared to boys, although significant decreases in impairment ratings were reported for each gender. This suggested a greater clinical effect for boys which was supported by effect sizes ranging from 1.2 for boys compared to 0.75 for girls. Additionally, 25 of 81 subjects (30.9%) chose to voluntarily decrease their dosage of medication by an average of 66.5% while under chiropractic care. Moreover, information collected from patients revealed that among 24 patients reporting asthma “attacks” in the 30 day period prior to the study, the number of “attacks” decreased significantly by an average of 44.9% (p <.05). Based on the data obtained in this study, it was concluded that chiropractic care, for correction of vertebral subluxation, is a safe nonpharmacologic health care approach which may also be associated with significant decreases in asthma related impairment as well as a decreased incidence of asthmatic “attacks.” The findings suggest that chiropractic care should be further investigated relative to providing the most efficacious care management regimen for pediatric asthmatics.

[Note: NSA care was one of the chiropractic approaches used in this study supported by the Michigan Chiropractic Council]

A Retrospective Assessment of Network Care Using a Survey of Self-Rated Health, Wellness and Quality of Life
Blanks RH, Schuster TL, Dobson M. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(4): 15-31

The present study represents a retrospective characterization of Network Care, a health care discipline within the subluxation-based chiropractic model. Data were obtained from 156 Network offices (49% practitioner participation rate) in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Puerto Rico. Sociodemographic characterization of 2818 respondents, representing a 67-71% response rate, revealed a population predominately white, female, well-educated, professional, or white collar workers. A second objective of the study included the development and initial validation of a new health survey instrument. The instrument was specifically designed to assess wellness through patients’ self-rating different health domains and overall quality of life at two “time” points: “presently” and retrospectively, recalling their status before initiating care (“before Network”). Statistical evaluation employing Chronbach’s alpha and theta coefficients derived from principle components factor analyses, indicated a high level of internal reliability in regard to the survey instrument, as well as stable reliability of the retrospective recall method of self-rated perceptions of change as a function of duration of care. Results indicated that patients reported significant, positive perceived change (p < 0.000) in all four domains of health, as well as overall quality of life. Effect sizes for these difference scores were all large (>0.9). Wellness was assessed by summing the scores for the four health domains into a combined wellness scale, and comparing this combined scale “presently” and “before Network.” The difference, or “wellness coefficient” spanning a range of -1 to +1, with zero representing no change, showed positive, progressive increases over the duration of care intervals ranging from 1-3 months to over three years. The evidence of improved health in the four domains (physical state, mental/emotional state, stress evaluation, life enjoyment), overall quality of life from a standardized index, and the “wellness coefficient,” suggests that Network Care is associated with significant benefits. These benefits are evident from as early as 1-3 months under care, and appear to show continuing clinical improvements in the duration of care intervals studied, with no indication of a maximum clinical benefit. These findings are being further evaluated through longitudinal studies of current populations under care in combination with investigation of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying its effects.

Network Spinal Analysis: A System of Health Care Delivery Within the Subluxation-Based Chiropractic Model
Epstein, D. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research, August 1996; 1(1): 51-59

The theoretical basis and clinical application of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) is described. NSA delivers health care within the subluxation-based chiropractic model and seeks to contribute to the distinction of the various techniques and methods within the profession by describing and discussing its major characteristics. In this regard, clinical observations relative to the application of the Network Protocol have been described in relation to the monitoring of patient and practitioner outcomes. Relevant research from a separate Network Care retrospective study, which impacts on its characterization, profiles the patient population as predominantly female. Other data indicates that Network Care is widely and consistently practiced. Additionally, patients report significant, positive changes in health-related quality of life measures linked to certain clinical components of Network Care.
 

Visualization of a stationary CPG-revealing spinal wave* (Abstract from research at the University of Southern California, Professor Edmond Jonchkeere, et al.) 

Program of MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 14 – ACCELERATING CHANGE IN HEALTH CARE: NEXT MEDICAL TOOLKIT* conference where Professor Jonchkeere will present a paper on the NSA Somatopsychic Wave (Prof. Jonckheere’s presentation is scheduled on pg. 20)

Paper Presentation accepted at the International Society of Quality of Life Research Conference in Prague, Czech Republic Nov. 12-15th, 2003 

Read the latest research articles on Surface Electromyography in Network Spinal Analysis™ (In order to view the files below, it is necessary that you have Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you do not have this please Click Here to download your free copy now.)

• Dynamic Modeling of Spinal Electromyographic activity during various conditions
• Nonlinear Switching Dynamics in Surface Electromyography of the Spine 

This research, which involves human subjects, has been approved by the University Park Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Southern California

Network Spinal Analysis™: A Research Perspective

Statement of Efficacy

The Case Report 

Health & Wellness Quality of Life Questionnaire (Adobe Acrobat Reader Required)
(Questionnaire available to download free of charge courtesy of the Association for Network Care)

For more information on Network Spinal Analysis™  Research please visit the Association For Network Care website at www.associationfornetworkcare.com

Migraine

Migraines are the most common type of vascular headache and are characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, sometimes associated with stomach problems, and, at times, disturbed or blurred vision.

Migraine Symptoms:

There are two types of migraine headaches known as “classic” and “common.” The visual symptoms called an “aura” such as bright flashing lights or differing line shapes, blurred or temporary loss of vision. Some or all of these symptoms tend to happen ten to thirty minutes before the onset of a classic migraine. There may also maybe a speech impediment, weakness may occur in the arms or legs, the face or hands may tingle, confusion may also occur. The “aura” is a characteristic of a “classic” migraine.

Migraine symptoms tend to present as intense throbbing or pounding headache which usually affects one side of the head and can spread to the other side and be accompanied by throbbing or pounding pain in the forehead, temple, ear, jaw, or around the eyes. A Common migraine is the most common kind of migraine which affects the greatest number of people.

Symptoms of “common” migraine:

Mood swings

Lack of mental awareness

No aura

Fatigue

Diarrhoea and increased urination

Fluid retention

Nausea and vomiting

Migraine Long-term problems/treatments:

A classic migraine attack lasts one to two days

Common migraine pain can last three or four hours

Both classic and common migraine can strike as often as several times a week

Some migraines become very predictable (if in doubt keep a diary)

Symptoms:

The pain can be classified by at two or more of the following

Severe to moderate headache

The headache becomes aggravated by movement

Throbbing on one side of the head

There is also at least one of the following associated symptoms

Nausea

Diarrhoea 

Vomiting

Headache may last for between 4 and 72 hours

Sensitivity to light which is called photophobia, or sensitivity to noise, photophobia

Other symptoms include

Articulation and coordination problems

Sensitivity to smell called osmophobia

General feeling of being extremely unwell

Difficulty in concentrating or confusion

An aura which is a visual disturbance, for example: bright lights, flashing lights, zigzag lines, difficulty in focusing or blind spots

Tingling and weakness in either legs or arms associated with pins and needles or numbness.

Migraine does occur over many years or even decades. The frequency may vary from person to person, from a few a years to several per week. 

Triggers:

Common dietary triggers include:

Caffeine

Missed or inadequate meals

Citrus fruits, cheese and cultured products such as chocolate

Wines, beers and spirits

Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Dehydration

Physical and Emotional Triggers: 

Emotional triggers such as arguments, excitement and stress

Lack of sleep or oversleeping

Viral infection or cold

Vigorous or excessive exercise

Neck and back pain, stiff and painful muscles, especially in jaw, neck, shoulders, and upper back

Environmental Triggers:

Bright sunlight and bright or flickering lights

Weather changes, changes in barometric pressure

Travel and stress related

Strong smells, e.g. Petrol, perfume, chemicals, various food odours

Hormonal triggers:

Menopause

Ovulation

Oral contraceptives

Menstrual period    

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Early Warning Symptoms, which are called the prodromal.

Migraine sufferers can experience warning symptoms up to 24 hours before an attack.

These symptoms include:

Mood changes, varying from depression and irritability to elation

Behaviour such as being obsessional, lethargic, and hyperactive

Nausea, changes in appetite from intense hunger to a complete lack of appetite; constipation or diarrhoea  

Neurological yawning, drowsiness, difficulty with vision

Muscular symptoms include general aches and pains

Light and sound will have its effect.

Fluid retention, passing more fluid 

Please go to top left corner under “pain” or “conditions” for in-depth information on headaches. 

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends chiropractic treatment within NHS.

Coventry Central  Physiotherapy & Chiropractic Sports Injury Clinic.

The Chiropractors at Central Chiropractic are registered with the General Chiropractic Council (GCC) and the British Chiropractic AssioationThe Physiotherapists at Central Physiotherapy are  registered with The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) they are also registered with Health Professionals Council ( HPC ).

At Central Physiotherapy and Chiropractic, Sports Injury Clinic at 12 Park Road Coventry CV1 we offer comprehensive assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of your condition.  The Physiotherapists at our clinic are registered with UK Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and Health Professionals Council.Physiotherapists treat a range of pain syndromes and injuries through the combination Physiotherapy/Exercise Therapy/Sports Massage and Complementary Therapies. The Chiropractors at Central Chiropractic are registered with the General Chiropractic Council (GCC) and the British Chiropractic Association

Where are we?

We are an established Physiotherapy and Chiropractic practice in Coventry CV1 and just 200 meters from Coventry train station with our own parking area for around 25 cars. We are experience in providing thousands of individuals, in the same situation as you, with accurate diagnosis and treatment of a whole range of physical and sporting injuries.

What do we treat?

Areas of the body and the problems we treat;

Back Pain injury and conditions,Neck Pain injury and conditions ,Whiplash (WAD),Shoulder pain injury and conditions,Knee Pain pain injury and conditions,Ankle, Heel, Foot pain injury and conditions,Achilles tendonitis, Plantar fascists,Headaches/Migraines/Tension headaches,Arm/Hand Wrist  Pain/RSI/ Tennis Elbow ,Golfer Elbow, Carpal tunnel syndrome,Sciatica and Trapped nerves,Disc injuries “Slipped disc”/Prolapsed disc,Neck and shoulder problems,Pins and needles,Arthritic pain relief and Osteoarthritis pain relief Muscle Tension/Spasm,Poor posture,Lack of energy,Discomfort during pregnancy, pregnancy and Pelvic Pain,Stress,Sports injury

Chiropractic Treatment.

Chiropractors Are fully Registered

Chiropractors are fully registered in the UK with The General Chiropractic Council (BCA) and the British Chiropractic Association (BCA). Chiropractors usually get awarded either Bachelor of Science degree or Master of Science degree upon graduation. You should always check there credentials, this is important in the respect of their professional liability insurance.  Chiropractors aim to diagnose and treat problems associated with the joints, ligaments, tendons and nerves, especially of those relating to the spine restoring normal function of the body. They rely on using a hands-on approach by the process of manipulation of the spine without the use of drugs surgery. Occasionally the manipulation of the extremities is required to alleviate symptoms.

Founded in 1895, chiropractic treatment was once thought of as a purely complementary and alternative therapy, their importance is now widely recognised by medical and healthcare professionals as a beneficial and legitimate branch of therapy in the treatment of spinal and musculo-skeletal conditions. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends chiropractic treatment within NHS.

Chiropractic in Sport

In modern sport, increasing levels of intensity have brought extra physical demands from athletes. This has also unfortunately led to an increase in injuries. Fast moving, high contact and tactical positioning based competition has led to an increased pressure on backs and musculo-skeletal systems. Injuries can come in a variety of types. Some can be played through, others lead to time on the sidelines and even worse still, there are occasions when injuries fail to respond to traditional treatment. However, in recent years we have seen the emergence of chiropractic treatment geared towards the needs of an athlete. The treatment has always stressed the importance of maintaining proper function in all areas of body which in turn promotes fast and natural healing from injuries, thus making the treatment nearly ideal for athletic training. Based on the founding principal of human body as a fully integrated being, chiropractic treatment places its focus on spinal, muscular, tendon, ligament, nerve and joint related care. Professionals from a variety of sports both international and domestic now deploy chiropractic therapy and a primary source of treatment with some of the attending specialists at the Olympic Games falling into the category of trained chiropractors.

Chiropractic addresses the function of central nervous system which is the “master system” of the body controlling ad regulating function of all other subsystems including musculoskeletal system. Properly aligned skeletal system would improve performance, reduce the risk of injury and improve healing of existing injuries.

Chiropractors specialize in the non-drug treatment of musculoskeletal problems, including joint sprains and disc injuries. To some extent, the chiropractic approach to sports injuries is similar to that of traditional medical care.

Usually chiropractor’s initial examination would include standard orthopaedic and neurological tests to diagnose whether a particular pain is due to a strain, sprain, or disc problem. X-ray examination is also performed to screen for fractures and other bone disorders, such as osteoporosis.  

Chiropractic management of sports injuries often includes widely used physical therapies such as ice, Cold laser therapy to reduce swelling and inflammation, or electronic muscle stimulation for muscle strains and spasms. 

The Importance of Restoring the Structural Body Balance.

Chiropractic management of sport injuries has an emphasis on adjustment and improving function of spinal and other joints through manipulation as well as restoring overall structural balance of the body. Chiropractor assess the effect of the muscle injury on the rest of the body as it would cause tightening of other muscle and joints in order to maintain general balance. Chiropractic adjustments help to restore the natural balance that was present before the injury.

In modern sport, increasing levels of intensity have brought increased physical requirements from athletes. This has also unfortunately led to an increase in injuries. Fast moving, high contact and tactical positioning based competition has led to an increased pressure on backs and physical structural systems. Injuries can come in a variety of types. Some can be played through, others lead to time on the sidelines and even worse still, there are occasions when injuries fail to respond to traditional treatment. However, in recent years we have seen the emergence of chiropractic treatment geared towards the needs of the athlete.

The treatment has always stressed the importance of maintaining efficiency in all areas of body function which in turn promotes fast and natural healing abilities, thus making the treatment nearly ideal for athletic training. Based on the founding principal of a person as a fully integrated being, chiropractic treatment places its focus on spinal, muscular, tendon, ligament, nerve and joint related care. Professionals from a variety of sports both international and domestic now deploy chiropractic therapy and a primary source of treatment with some of the attending specialists at the Olympic Games falling into the category of trained chiropractors.

Chiropractors are fully registered practitioners who aim to diagnose and treat pain in those suffering problems of the joints, ligaments, tendons and nerves, especially of those relating to the spine, and try to restore normal function of the body. They rely on using a hands-on approach by the process of manipulation of the spine without the use of drugs surgery. Occasionally the manipulation of the extremities is required to alleviate symptoms.

Founded in 1895, chiropractic treatment was once thought of as a purely complementary and alternative therapy, their importance is now widely recognised by medical and healthcare professionals as a beneficial and legitimate aid in the treatment of spinal conditions. The theory is based upon the misalignment of the spine, particularly that which interferes with the nervous system.

Many mechanical problems of the back can benefit from the consultation of a chiropractor, with treatments including the freeing of stiff joints which in turn will reduce nerve irritation.

During initial consultation chiropractor will take a full history from and perform a thorough physical examination. Using a holistic approach the chiropractor will ask many questions relating to occupation, diet, existing exercise programmes and lifestyle and a treatment plan devised using this information. Apart from the manual treatment chiropractor will also work in improving the posture and will advise on preventative measures to avoid a recurrence of pain by suggesting activities and exercises that will help strengthen the spinal components, and those to avoid.

What Is Chiropractic Treatment? 

Chiropractic treatment has gained increasing acceptance by both consumers and insurance agencies, many of which now offer plans covering the treatment. Chiropractic is  safe, there are a few risks associated with it.

Chiropractic, which means ” done by hand,” is a  system founded approximately 100 years ago by Daniel David Palmer. It is based on the theory that many illnesses originate in the spine, and for this reason it focuses on spinal manipulation. Chiropractic physicians may also utilize physical therapy techniques, as well as methods drawn from other branches of alternative medicine.

Clinical Applications

Most visits to chiropractors are for back neck joint pain, but it is also commonly used to treat:

• Headache  pains
• Neck, shoulders, back (disc injury), hip injury and conditions including joint  pain
• Pain in other areas such as the TMJ ( jaw), headaches, migraine, soft tissue injuries, knees, ankle injury and conditions.
• Pregnancy-related pelvic pain

How Chiropractic Works 

Since its origin, chiropractic theory has based itself on “vertebral subluxations,” or vertebrae that have shifted position in the spine. These subluxations are said to impede nerve outflow and contribute to dysfunction of various organs. A chiropractic treatment is supposed to “realign” these “missed placed” vertebrae. , this is called an “adjustment.”

Other theories suggest that chiropractic manipulation may relieve pain by “loosening” vertebrae that have become relatively immobile rather than by changing their position. In addition, the sudden movements of manipulation may alter the response patterns of nerves in the spine, again relieving pain.

Depending on your condition, chiropractic treatment is usually conducted on a two- or three-times-a-week basis, for a month or so. Some chiropractors feel that regular care is necessary to help maintain sound health and fitness. Others will ask to see you only as needed. This depends on your injury or condition at the time of your consultation

What Do Studies Show About Chiropractic Treatment? 

Does It Work? 

There is evidence that chiropractic treatment may relieve pain. The best evidence regards migraine headaches and other forms of headache. Studies on chiropractic for back, neck, hip, knee ankle and joint pain have by far the best results. Chiropractic treatment does seem to be very effective compared with other commonly used treatments for these conditions.

Is It Safe? 

Chiropractic manipulation is safe, rarely causing significant side effects. The most common reaction is local discomfort following therapy, which generally disappears within hours of treatment. Other side effects include temporary headache, tiredness, and discomfort radiating from the site of the adjustment. To put this in perspective, however, the rate of complications from chiropractic is extremely low; according to many estimates, only one complication per million individual sessions occurs. Among people receiving a course of treatment involving manipulation of the neck,

By comparison, serious medical complications involving common drugs in the ibuprofen family (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs) are far more common. Among people using them for arthritis, NSAIDs result in hospitalizations at a rate of about 5 in 1200 people, and death at a rate of 5 in 12,000. The rate of complications with these common over-the-counter drugs is perhaps 100-500 times greater than with chiropractic.

Is It Cost Effective? 

There is a lot of evidence that chiropractic may be less expensive than other forms of care.

If You Decide To Visit A Chiropractor 

If you’re suffering from headaches, migraine, TMJ ( jaw) pain, back pain or neck pain,shoulders, hip, pregnancy-related pelvic pain, joint pain, knee and ankle injuries and conditions  including soft tissue injuries seeking chiropractic care is worth a try, since it appears to be at least as helpful as other commonly used therapies. Chiropractic treatment is now available within United States of America’s  Military,and Medisure with the help and insistence from President Barack Obama.

Look for a chiropractor who:

• Does not require long-term or preventive care
• Does not routinely take x-rays, However, X-rays may be necessary, so always look for a chiropractor within house x-ray facilities, for this can be very important in diagnosing certain conditions.
• Does not object to you seeing a specialist for a second opinion
• Limits his practice to the treatment of musculoskeletal problems (pain/discomfort associated with muscles and joints)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends Chiropractic Treatment

Private healthcare provider all other major health insurance companies are accepted.

BUPA  health-care,  AXA PPP health-care, HSA health-care, Simplyhealth group, WPA, Mercia health, Police health scheme, PRU health-care, Westfield health, Standard life health-care, Norwich union Aviva health-care, Cigna, Medicare group limited and all other major health insurance companies are accepted at the Central Chiropractic Clinic Coventry.

At our chiropractic and physiotherapy clinic we treat people in the West Midlands, Warwickshire, Coventry, Leamington Spa Nuneaton and Rugby area. Our team are highly trained and fully qualified Chiropractors that are British Chiropractic Association and General Chiropractic Council Registered.

Chiropractors at this clinic offer treatments recognized by and are registered with the General Chiropractic Council and the British Chiropractic Association. This is important as it ensures that you will receive the very best chiropractic and physiotherapy treatment, from fully Qualified and Certified Chiropractors with 5-year full time qualification. Our clinic also offers the services of fully state and health professionals council registered physiotherapists.

Chiropractic and Physiotherapy Clinic Coventry CV1 West Midlands Warwickshire

Our Physiotherapy and Chiropractic Clinic has a Central location 200 yards from Coventry Train Station

Click Here for map

• CCEP (certified chiropractic extremity practitioner) trained chiropractors.
• HPC  and state registered Physiotherapists
• Recognised by all major Medical Insurance Companies.
• Quality practice accredited by BUPA. AXA PPP. HSA. WPA. Standard life. Norwich union. PRU health. Westfield health and all other health insurance companies.
• Own on-site private car park. parking  for 25 cars
• Recognised by Doctors, GP’s, Consultants.
• Own x-ray facilities and direct MRI scan referrals.
• Cranial and Sacro-Occipital treatment are among many techniques utilized.
• Cold or Low Level Laser Therapy.
• Late and weekend appointments.
• Same day appointments. 

Working in collaboration with legal team, enabling us to provide comprehensive medico-legal and personal injury compensation and medical treatment package, including financial help with medical expenses (subject to approval). 

Sports Injury Treatment & Back Pain amongst the conditions assessed and treated.  

Our Chiropractors and Physiotherapists at this clinic have experience in treating a wide range of conditions. Some of the more common conditions assessed and treated by us include:

• Muscle and joint pain.
• Back pain and Neck pain.
• Sciatica Treatments & Therapy.
• Sports Injuries
• Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) and other related overuse disorders.
• Arthritic Pain Relief.
• Road traffic accident injuries (including Whiplash -Associated Disorder (WAD) or Whiplash Therapy).
• T.M.J.
• Legal and medical work undertaken
• Sports Injuries

The Cranio-Sacral system has a faint pulse that can be felt throughout the body and chiropractors Coventry can monitor this pulse in certain points of the body to determine the exact point of an obstruction or some stress; something that is preventing the body from functioning as normal.

When this area has been discovered, the chiropractor can help the soft tissue to heal itself and help the body correct itself. Cranio-Sacral treatment can be combined with other therapies to help the body further.

Treatment

In a Cranio-Sacral treatment session the client remain clothed and lies on the examination table. The chiropractor will then use very light forces to manipulate certain areas. Slowly moving the limbs allows the tissues to unwind themselves. Key evaluation areas include the ankles, head, neck and lower back.

Cranio-Sacral treatment can be used to treat, among others:

• Headaches and migraines
• IBS and digestive problems
• Depression
• Back pain
• Problems and injuries with the brain, spinal cord and nervous system
• M.S. and M.E.
•  For further information in depth on Headaches go to top left corner under pain or conditions

Physiotherapists vs. Chiropractors Coventry

‘Physiotherapists versus chiropractors’ is not as confusing as some comparisons may be because the two are very different in terms of their function and methods. Generally speaking, in many cases, when an individual heads to a physiotherapist then the ailment has already been diagnosed and simply requires evaluation and treatment. However, a non-specific problem, such as back pain, may require a chiropractor for diagnosis and treatment.

Another issue in the ‘physiotherapists versus chiropractors’ debate is the nature of the treatment:

• Physiotherapists work in a hands-on way, meaning that they will massage and manipulate any problematic areas to encourage a full range of movement, which is why they are so often associated with the elderly.
• Chiropractors, on the other hand specialise in first solving the problem and then putting preventative measures in place to prevent it happening again. They tend to use complimentary therapies so their treatment range is far greater than that of a physiotherapist.

That is not to say that one solution is better than the other. In the ‘physiotherapists versus chiropractors’ argument, both sides have their uses and their strengths; one will prove more effective for one individual, but another person with a slightly different problem may benefit from the other option instead. This choice is completely up to you. If in doubt, have a consultation with both and then make up your mind, but the majority of the time, a chiropractor will be your best bet when it comes to both easing your pain now, and preventing it coming back at some stage in the future.

It is true to say Chiropractors appointment times are shorter than that of Osteopaths or Physiotherapists. This is mainly due to addressing the root cause of the problem rather than treating thy symptoms. It is true that it takes about 20 minutes to massage the muscle which is in spasm but it takes considerably less time to un-trap the nerve which causes the muscle spasm in the first place.

Unfortunately many osteopaths and physiotherapists address manifestation of the problem (i.e. where it hurts) rather than the original cause which can not be felt by the patient as pain. After all do you want to be manipulated for 30-45 minutes while in pain rather then have more effective and comfortable treatment done in 10-15 minutes? Time of the treatments should not be equated with quality of treatment or value for money.

Chiropractors are now the third largest Primary Health care profession worldwide, and the reported statistics confirm this. (see President Barack Obamas letter on healthcare)